One God Essay

Prophet Jesus (peace be upon him) said: â€Å"If you love me keep my commandments and I will pray to the Father, and he shall send you another comforter, that he may abide with you forever† (John – 14:15, 16) It should be noted that some English bibles have the Greek word Paraclete instead of Comforter; but in Greek the word actually spells as PERIQLYTOS. Rev. David Benjamin Kaldani, B.D. Bishop of Urumiah Persia, the Greek classical scholar and Bible authority who converted to Islam, in his book â€Å"Muhammed in the Bible† has discussed the original Greek word, the actual word which Jesus (pbuh) might have used in his native tongue, Aramic (Dialect of Hebrew) regarding the word â€Å"Comforter†. Dr. Kaldani writes: It is to be noted again that the Greek Text has ‘Periqlytos’ instead of Paraclete. So, if we want to find out the real sense of the word, we must correct the text and supply the corrupted words thus â€Å"I shall go to the Father, and he shall send you another Apostle whose name shall be Periqyltos, that he may he remain with you forever.† One need not be a Greek scholar to know that the Greek word for Comforter is not Periqlytos but Paracloon. Periqlytos, chronologically and literally, means the most illustrious, renowned, and praise-worthy. I take for my authority Alexandre’s Dictionarie Grec-Francais – This compound noun is composed of the prefix ‘Peri’ and ‘Kleotis’ the latter derived from ‘to glorify’ ‘to praise’. Thus Periqlytos means precisely what ‘Ahmed’ means in Arabic namely ‘the most illustrious and glorious’ The only difficulty to be solved is to discover the original Semitic name used by Jesus Christ either in Hebrew or Aramaic. If I am not mistaken, the Aramaic form must have been ‘MHAMDA’ or ‘HAMIDA to correspond with the Arabic name ’MUHAMMED’ or ‘AHMAD’ and the Greek PERIQLYTOS. It is marvellous that this unique name, Periqlytos never before given to any other person, was miraculously preserved for MUHAMMAD, the last prophet or Apostle of God. We never come across any greek gentleman bearing the name of Periqlytos nor any Arab bearing the name MUHAMMAD or AHMAD before the advent of the Holy (God fearing) Prophet Mohammed (peace be upon him). In Islam religion, Jesus (peace be upon him) is believed as one of the greatest prophets and one of the greatest messengers of God to mankind. It is not believed in Islam that Jesus is God or son of God. In the Quran, there is a complete chapter (called Surah) titled ‘Maryam’ (Mary) that confirms Maryam virgin birth. The Quran states the following on the birth of Jesus (peace be upon him): (Remember) when the angels said, â€Å"O Mary, God gives you good news of a word from Him (God), whose name is the Messiah Jesus, son of Mary, revered in this world and the Hereafter, and one of those brought near (to God). He will speak to the people from his cradle and as a man, and he is of the righteous.† She said, â€Å"My Lord, how can I have a child when no mortal has touched me?† He said, â€Å"So (it will be). God creates what He wills. If He decrees a thing, He says to it only, ‘Be!’ and it is.† (Quran, 3:45-47) Jesus was born as miracle by the word and command of God. This command is, as said in Quran, the same command that had brought Adam into being with neither a father nor a mother. God has said in Quran: The case of Jesus with God is like the case of Adam. He created him from dust, and then He said to him, â€Å"Be!† and he came into being. (Quran, 3/59) During the prophetic mission of Jesus (peace be upon him), Jesus performed many miracles. God tells us that Jesus said: â€Å"I have come to you with a sign from your Lord. I make for you the shape of a bird out of clay, I breathe into it, and it becomes a bird by God’s permission. I heal the blind from birth and the leper. And I bring the dead to life by God’s permission. And I tell you what you eat and what you store in your houses†¦.† (Quran, 3/49) Muslims believe that Jesus was not crucified. They believe that the enemies of Jesus (peace upon him) plotted and planned to crucify Jesus. However, God miraculously saved Jesus and raised him up to Him (to God). God, the all powerful and the all capable, put the likeness of Jesus (peace upon him) over another man. The enemies of Jesus (peace upon him) thought that the this other man is Jesus and they took him and crucified him. God has said: †¦They said, â€Å"We killed the Messiah Jesus, son of Mary, the messenger of God.† They did not kill him, nor did they crucify him, but the likeness of him was put on another man (and they killed that man)†¦ (Quran, 4/157) Quran says (meaning translation): â€Å"Jesus said I am indeed a servant of ALLAH (God). He (God) has given me Revelation and made me prophet and He (God) has made me blessed wheresoever I be and has enjoined on me Prayer and Zakat (Charity) as long as I live. He (God) made me kind to my mother (Mary). Peace is on me the day I was born, the day that I die, and the day I shall be that I shall be raised up to life again†¦ It is not befitting to the majesty of Allah (God) that he should beget a son. Glory be to him (God) when he determines a matter, He (God) only says to it â€Å"Be† and it is. Verily ALLAH (God) is my Lord and your Lord: Him therefore serve ye: this is a Way that is straight† (Quran 19/30-36). Accordingly, in Islam religion, Jesus (peace upon him) is neither God nor son of God. He is human and God prophet. It is worthwhile to emphasize that both Jesus (peace upon him) and Mohamed, or may be spelled Muhammad (peace upon him), came to mankind to call for worshiping only and the only one God. Neither of them nor Moses came to change the basic doctrine of the belief in one and only God. this doctrine that was brought by earlier prophets from including Noah, Abraham, Isac, Jacob, David, Solomon, and others. Both Jesus (peace upon him) and Mohamed received the revelation from God to confirm and renew the doctrine of worshiping one (and only one) God.

Media Influence on Society Essay

Media Influence on Society Introduction In the last 50 years the media influence has grown exponentially with the advance of technology, first there was the telegraph, then the radio, the newspaper, magazines, television and now the internet. We live in a society that depends on information and communication to keep moving in the right direction and do our daily activities like work, entertainment, health care, education, personal relationships, traveling and anything else that we have to do. Media is the most powerful tool of communication. It helps promoting the right things on right time. It gives a real exposure to the mass audience about what is right or wrong. Even though media is linked with spreading fake news like a fire, but on the safe side, it helps a lot to inform us about the realities as well. Media has a constructive role to play for the society. Today News Channels and even some Newspapers are mouthpiece of some social issues, which helps us to estimate the realities of lives. Media has played an important role in order to focus on the social issues in almost every era. It is the fact that in most of the eras, media were not being given free and fair chances to explore the issues of society more openly than it is being given now; but we can’t deny this fact that the issues were always raised in order to provide justice to the people. Influence of media on children Television can be a powerful entertainment and education tool for children given the right programming. However, studies have shown that television, and media in general, can also have a very negative influence. Some studies indicate it can shorten attention span, distort body image, work in conjunction with other factors to escalate obesity, create fear, and increase aggressive and anti-social behaviors if exposure is unmonitored and unlimited.

Costco case analysis until 2008 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Costco case analysis until 2008 - Essay Example This is the reason why it is not charging credit cards because current low margins do not cover this fee. Costco can solve this problem by using both the cash and credit card system of payment, but those people who want to pay using credit cards, an extra 2% should be charged to their bills in the lieu of banking fee. This method will be acceptable to most of the customers as the prices in Costco are already very low and people who use credit card can still make a saving even if they pay for extra 2 percent banking fee. This will help Costco attract a wider customer base and at the same time not lose out on their margins. Costco has also limited itself in the membership program. Special offers and discounts are given only to members of Costco. This is a dangerous policy because many potential customers who want to avail special offer cannot avail them and hence they do not shop at Costco. What Costco can do here is that they should publish and send out special discount coupons throug h direct mail and magazines. These coupons should be redeemable at Costco stores and this way Costco will serve a wider audience and will be able to attract larger pool of prospective customers. Many other shops and competitors to Costco provide ancillary services to its customers. However, Costco does not provide these services to its customers. Costco is operating at very low margin which does not give enough leverage to Costco to provide these services. This can be tackled by Costco advertising that should compare its costs with other retailers and should point out that Costco is competing on cost and the value of saving that Costco provides is greater than ancillary services that other retailers provide. This will encourage many more customers to buy from Costco and it will also help to increase Costco’s sales and revenue. It can be concluded from the above discussion that although Costco is doing pretty well, it needs to look at the external environment and should

Critically evaluate the best practice in global supply chain Essay

Critically evaluate the best practice in global supply chain management at two firms of your choice in the fashion industry - Essay Example At present, fashion industry is an international and highly globalised industry where clothing could be premeditated in one country, contrived in another country and end up being sold globally (Choi 2012). In relation to this, two fashion industries: Gucci and Marie Claire have gradually grown to this level. They are among the renowned fashion industries that deal with shoes, belts, beauty products, hand bags among other fashionable products (Manlow 2007). During the manufacture of these products, a particular strategy is used that entails six principle procedures that incorporate global supply chain planning, global supply strategy and configuration, global sourcing, global distribution, global logistics and managing sustainable global supply chains (Cetinkaya et al 2010). Global Supply Chain Planning Distribution centres Gucci has one of the best distribution centres complete with everything that is necessary, the distribution of Gucci is designed around the needs of Gucci. Unlike other fashion retail chains such as Marie Clare, Gucci has different products for different regions. The distribution centres are designed to meet the needs of the Gucci. Fashion industry is very competitive and time and efficiency is everything if a firm has to be competitive and successful in this industry. To be able develop a way to compete in this way, Gucci has come up with a very important supply chain strategy. This strategy revolves around two main important things as follows: Incorporating the suppliers to have a compact value chain Gucci is a global fashion retailer and this means that Gucci has created a system where it is able to meet the global demand for is goods without missing an opportunity to sell to a ready market. To achieve this, Gucci has been able to come up with ways in which to make sure that they are able to have a compact supply chain. This means that Gucci has merged its businesses with suppliers to ensure that it is able to control the suppliers. As Coo k (2011) point out, keeping the supplier close to the business is becoming a common supply chain management strategy because once it eliminates one of the competitive issues that Michal Porter (2008) identified in his model of five competitive forces. This is the force of bargaining power of suppliers. Gucci, unlike Marie Clare has identified that keeping the suppliers close is a major way of ensuring an efficient supply chain that can be used to make sure that better services are given to the customers. Global outsourcing This difference between Gucci’s supply chain and Marie Clare’s supply chain may be as a result of different business models of the two businesses. For example, Gucci has a very big range of products with some products being more popular in different markets and unpopular in other markets. This means that the supply chain for a firm like Gucci most take consideration of this right from the suppliers through the distribution centres to the final custom er contact. Gucci has also made use of global outsourcing as a way to make it more efficient for Gucci to satisfy the needs of the customers efficiently and cost effectively. According to Schary et al 2007, at present competition globally is entirely stiff. Individual companies no longer compete as autonomous entities, but as supply-chains networks. In essence, companies no longer compete in terms of brand versus brand, but they compete in terms

Ethnicity (Oxford Reader) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethnicity (Oxford Reader) - Research Paper Example To the instrumentalist it is more like a resource, which one can gain by following his or her interest. To others is a social construction used by people to forge their identity. This paper discusses the different points of view on ethnicity and points out to the point of view I find to be most convincing. Though there is a tendency to link ethnicity with conflict, the two entities are completely different. However, ethnic conflict is a common phenomenon that arises due to factors such as political divides that are based on ethnic communities and identities, economic inequalities arising due to scarcity of resource hence as well as cultural differences. Cultural differences could be based on language or religion. Another source of ethnic conflict is unequal distribution of political reward where more political rewards being given to one ethnic group than others in a polyethnic state. Additionally, national identity and ideology are common source of ethnic conflict (Hutchinson and Smith 1-10). From a long time back, people use the term ethnicity to demonstrate some form of commonness in addition to demonstrating solidarity. Among the Greeks, ethnicity is associated with the term ethnie, which means, ethnic category, ethnic network, ethnic association, ethnic network or ethnic community. To the Schermerhorn ethnie is a myth of common ancestry, common culture, or some form of link to homeland (Hutchinson and Smith 10-14). Currently, there are different approaches to ethnie. Primodialism is one such approach, which defines ethnie as naturally given socially creating bonds. However, this definition is problematic since it is static and naturalistic hence lacking exploratory power. Sociobiloogists view ethnie as an explanation for kinship-based grouping with genetic reproductive capacity. This approach is also problematic since it tends to reduce social and cultural behaviors to biological drives. Additionally, it tends to be speculative when dealing with large

Interdisciplinary Curriculum Unit Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Interdisciplinary Curriculum Unit - Assignment Example enabled me to appreciate the interdependencies that exists between living organism on the universe and their importance in the environment in which we live. This study has enabled the appreciation of the need to the adoption of certain lifestyles for healthy living conditions for living organisms. I am motivated by the enormous knowledge that I have gathered in the course of my research work. During this process I managed to learn more about the living organisms’ interrelationships and their duties in the environmental sustainability (Anderson, 2001). I acquired much important knowledge on the study of human body particularly the cell membrane and its components. However, my research work did not cover the entirety of the human body organs and their functions and as such; I intend to carry on with my research on that section of study. As a teacher, I believe that such firsthand information will impact positively in my career as a biology teacher. This will enable me to impact my students with analytical skills useful in the study of biology. This study has enabled me to acquire the knowledge of making materials more salient. This has helped to create opportunities for research at an appropriate level which will help me teach on research more competently. With this experience, I managed to adopt and create a molecular evolution lab for teaching the DNA sequential data (Benjamin, 2002). This study has also enabled the integration to parallel disciplines associated with independent learning like reading literature, data evaluation and concepts, logic associated with trouble shooting, and synthesis of conclusions. This has enabled the development in key areas interrelated to the study such as the literature in science and use of mathematical models in the analysis of findings, as well as history through the inquiry (Benjamin, 2002). The subject matter in this integrated curriculum unit will enable in the development of professionals in the field of science. These

Logistics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Logistics - Essay Example It also contributes to from utility, based on its ability to make the product be in a form in which the customer can use it. For example, logistics can contribute to production economies, such as lowering the cost per unit. The economic impact of logistics can also be seen in place utility, where it helps in the movement of products from one place to another (Bowersox et al 3). Q 2. A reduction in economic regulation has enabled companies to specify various logistics service levels; therefore, adjusting prices accordingly. It also enabled those who buy transportation services in large quantities to reduce costs on transportation. Reduction in Economic regulation also allowed individual carriers to have the flexibility to pricing and provision of services (Bowersox et al 6). Q 3. The five activities that might be part of a company’s logistics department include customer service, which entails keeping customers satisfied and ensuring that they get the right product. The department may also consist of demand forecasting; this includes estimating the future demand of a product (Bowersox et al 18). Facility location decisions may also be part of a logistics department; this relates to the location of production and warehousing facilities. The fourth activity entails inventory management; logisticians have to consider ordering cost, holding cost, and costs caused by running out of stock. Procurement should also be part of a company’s logistics department; this relates to the acquisition of supplies and raw materials needed for production (Bowersox et al

Seizures and school nurse Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Seizures and school nurse - Dissertation Example In line with this, the Epilepsy Foundation (2011) has recently reported that there are as much as 120,000 individuals below the age of 18 years old are going through seizure and that between 75,000 to 100,000 of these young people are experiencing seizure attacks are under the age of 5 years old. On top of this figures, approximately 326,000 school-age children are suffering from epilepsy at the age of 15 years old (ibid). Considering the number of school-age students who may anytime go through seizure attack, this report will focus on describing how the school nurse should function as the coordinator of epileptic students in school and within the community circle. To allow the readers gain better understanding about this subject matter, the etiology of epilepsy, its presenting signs and symptoms, and the appropriate medical treatment, medication and its side-effects. Eventually, a literature review will be conducted to determine the best educational accommodations available to the s tudents including the organizations or special support that should be made available to epileptic students and parents based on the students concerns as they progresses through elementary, middle, and high school years of education will be explored in details. Literature Review Etiology of the Disease Etiology of epilepsy is multi-factoral by nature. Even though one can be more predominant than the other, there are some studies suggesting that the main causes of epilepsy are mostly combined genetic factors, developmental factors (i.e. birth asphyxia, malformation of the cortical or vascular development), or diseases that are often associated with epilepsy (i.e. neurodegenerative disorder, CNS infection, tumor, autoimmune disorders, hippocampal sclerosis, idiopathic generalized epilepsy, cerebrovascular diseases, cryptogenic) (Shorvon, Andermann, & Guerrini, 2011, p. 113; Silva, 2009; Wyllie, Gupta, & Lachhwani, 2005, p. 348, 351; Maudgil, 2003, p. 3). Aside from inheritable health c onditions like tuberous sclerosis, metabolic syndrome or chromosomal aberration; patients with history of alcoholism, head injury or head trauma, stroke, or the presence of vascular diseases could also trigger epilepsy (Shorvon, Andermann, & Guerrini, 2011, pp. 114 – 115; Wyllie, Gupta, & Lachhwani, 2005, p. 351). Presenting Signs and Symptoms In general, the presenting signs and symptoms of epilepsy includes: loss of consciousness or confused memory, fainting followed by excessive fatigue, excessive involuntary body movements of the arms and legs, the loss of muscle tone or movement, disturbances in the patient’s mood, behavior, sensation and perception (Silva, 2009). In case the student is going through a simple partial seizure, Silva (2009, p. 33) revealed that the school nurse should be able to observe â€Å"visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, or vertiginous misperception or hallucinations†. In line with this, the student may show signs of finger or hand shaking or the uncontrollable jerking of the mouth (Wagner et al., 2009). In some cases, the student may end up talking without any sense or complain about dizziness, unpleasant sights, odors, sounds, or taste in case the patient is still conscious. In case the stud

Failures and Triumphs of Ordinary People in Juno Essay

Failures and Triumphs of Ordinary People in Juno - Essay Example The toe-curling awkwardness of the ‘love scene which proceeded this moment is shown without romance, making the audience cringe at the utter recklessness of the teens. The pathetic irony of the sixteen year olds predicament is heightened by the store clerks comment, "Thats a doodle that cant be undone" and the non-reaction of Junos best friend, Leah the cheerleader, who cant seem to get her mind around the situation. Juno seems headed for heartbreak, as she mechanically attempts to deal with her pregnancy by calling the local abortion clinic, as her friends have done. Her boyfriend Bleeker (Michael Cera) though sensitive, avoids involvement with the "whatever you want to do is fine with me" line, despite Junos dramatic efforts to tell him that their fling has had lasting consequences. He is able to continue his typical high school life, running with the track team and even lining up a prom date in view of Junos unsuitability. This harsh realism stands in stark contrast with the classic teen love scene with soft lighting, spinning cameras, and music. This is the hard reality which sexually active teens experience, and Juno takes it head-on, with a surprising sense of humor which makes you admire the little sparkplug Juno who wont be undone by her one immature act. Before her ex-military dad (JK Simmons) and distant step mom Bren (Allison Janney) are apprised of her crisis, Juno finds herself approaching alone the retro "Women Now" abortion clinic, where she encounters a timid teenager chanting, "Babies want to be borned". The two girls, who are classmates, recognize each other and a start to chat about school, however, as Juno continues on to the entrance of the clinic, the girl suddenly remembers why she is there, and frantically reminds her, "Your baby has a heartbeat and fingernails now."

The Characteristics and Development of RFID - Radio frequency identification Essay Example for Free

The Characteristics and Development of RFID Radio frequency identification Essay Wal-Mart, the world leading retailer, announced it will expand its rollout of radio frequency identification (RFID) to a total of 300 suppliers by 2006, following meeting with its top vendors. The retailers top 100 suppliers have already agreed to implement RFID by January 2005. Wal-Mart plans to have the inventory tracking system, which uses radio frequency technology, in six distribution centers and 250 Wal-Mart stores and Sams Club stores by next June. By October of next year, the program will include up to 13 distribution centers and up to 600 Wal-Mart and Sams Club stores. By the start of 2006, Wal-Marts next top 200 suppliers will begin tagging cased and pallets, bringing the total to 300 vendors. Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology has been in commercial use since the early 1980s. It has been employed, for instance, on highway and bridge tolls, in tracking livestock movements, in tracking airfreight and in motorcar manufacturing, but until recently, the technology has been too expensive and too limited for mass commercial applications. However, retailers are now starting to drive the introduction of RFID and it would seem to have the potential to revolutionize efficiency, effectiveness and security throughout supply chain. By definition, RFID is a technology process starts with a tag that is made up of a microchip with an form a magnetic field when they join with the antenna on the RFID tag (FRiDa. com). Its one of the most powerful IT strategic assets in use in retailing industry. According to Michalisim (1997), he pointed out that strategic asset are simultaneously valuable, rare, imperfectly imitable, and nonsubstitutable. RFID technology has been commonly recognized as the key source to enterprise resource management system as well as warehouse management systems and enables retailers to gain competitive edges over rivals. RFID is the generic name for technologies that use radio waves to automatically identify items. There are several methods of identifying items using RFID but most systems consist of a tag, which is made up of a microchip with a coiled antenna, and an interrogator or reader with an antenna. The reader sends out electromagnetic waves that form a magnetic field when they couple with the antenna on the RFID tag. The tag draws power from the magnetic field and uses it to power the microchips circuits. The chip then modulates the waves that the tag sends back to the reader and the reader converts the new waves into digital data. The data transmitted by the tag may provide identification or location details and/or specific information about the product such as price, colour and date of purchase. The tags are very flexible in that microchips measuring less than a third of a millimeter wide can now store a wide range of unique product information, they can be read from a distance and through a variety of obstacles. RFID technology can also allow some, but not all, the data held on a tag to be read and the tags can be updated after the original data has been loaded. The tags also offer security in that they can be made virtually tamper free. The technology has been too expensive and too limited for widespread mass commercial applications, but as the price of tags, tag readers and the associated equipment continues to fall so a growing number of retailers have begun to explore the introduction of RFID and this in turn seems likely to bring the technology into everyday consumer use. Wal-Mart is making this revolutionary technology (i. e. RFID) a reality in distribution centers today. Its expected that Wal-Marts top 100 suppliers must be RFID-ready by January 2005 and the retailer then put its large foot forward in April of this year by launching the first phase of RFID implementation at the case and pallet level in Fort Worth marketplace. Apparently, the retailing industry is slowly moving toward a re-engineered supply chain with enhanced efficiencies. RFID represents the most sweeping supply-chain advancement since June 1974, initiated by Wm. Wrigley Company by adopting the worlds first, official grocery-store barcode on a pack of chewing gum. Since then, it changes to the way the supply chain operation becomes more efficient. It is evident to note that RFID helps manufactories virtually eliminate manual data entry and manual business process transactions in such ways: first and foremost, order fulfillment speed is dramatically increased; second, the order accuracy is improved; third, the on-going operating costs of order fulfillment are reduced; the performance of warehouse management system investment can be enhanced; last but not least, hidden warehouse management costs become visible. Moreover, efficiency gains can be measured in picking and put away errors, acceleration of handling for return and restocking, and elimination of physical counts. In addition, RFID enables manufactories to make the most use of data as it becomes available for real-time demand signals when product moves through the supply chain. Furthermore, RFID contributes to the improvements of data accessibility and quality of which having a positive impact on demand forecast accuracy (Smith Offodile, 2002). Consequently, it helps manufactories to gain real-time visibility into customer purchase decisions throughout the value chain, which prepare firms to react and influence the marketplace. Cited from Rose (1996), An inspection of technological changes in terms of supply chain management over the last 20 years has illustrated that there have been tremendous changes in the area of physical distribution or supply chain management systems through global business. Information technology and RFID have changed payables, receivables, and the asset side of inventory. Typically, RFID use modern wireless technologies to provide manufactories with unique solutions to difficult logistical tracking of inventory. The technology is largely feature in its stability, with open architectures becoming increasingly available.

Influence of Types of Play on Children

Influence of Types of Play on Children It is important to understand the different types of play and how they help childrens development in order to plan activities for children. This will help them to develop holistically. The Early Years Foundation Strategy says that play underpins all development and learning for young children (The Early Years Foundation Stage Practice Guidance p1.17 Crown 2008). Learning through play is a very important principle of Early Years education, staff must provide opportunities for all the types of play:- Imaginative Play Construction Play Home corner Lego blocks Dressing up Building towers Small worlds Physical Play Creative Play Examples: tricycles, Sensory Play Drawing and skipping ropes Water and sand play painting, crafts Children may play in different ways to what you expect, this doesnt matter, it shows their creativity. They may be running round outside in a superhero costume waving a sword they made out of a cardboard tube (physical + imaginative + creative), this helps them to develop holistically. Types of play for children ages 2 to 8 Physical This is any play with a focus which is physical. Children can be playing indoors or outside with balls, ride on toys. They can be climbing, running about or throwing and catching a ball. Physical play helps with motor skills, this gives more confidence. The children interact with each other when they are playing games outside, they learn the rules, how to negotiate, take turns, solve arguments, this helps with social skills. Resources needed To help with motor skills and co-ordination you would provide balls of various sizes, ride on toys and trikes, and skipping ropes, hula hoops. Space to play games like hopscotch, tag or football. For 6-8 year olds you could have a basketball hoop, inline skates and bikes. Example from nursery In my nursery setting the children play outdoors and there is equipment accessible for them at all times such as scooters. There are only two scooters which gives the opportunity for children to learn how to share and take it in turns to use the scooter. They must communicate with each other in order to ask if they can have a go on the scooter and have to wait their turn to use it, this improves their social skills and language. The scooters help to improve the childrens physical development greatly as the children have to be able to balance and use their legs to be able to move around the area on the scooter. They enhance the childrens gross motor skills. When the children are riding the scooters they can make their own decisions on where they want to go and think for themselves improving their cognitive development. Development through physical play may be affected if there arent enough resources available so children have to wait a long time for a go on a tricycle for example. This can be helped by sending children out in small groups so you have enough things for them to play on. Imaginative Children enjoy pretending, it helps them with their speech language and communication skills, their social skills, their identity. There are lots of different types of imaginative play:- Pretend play children make an object into something else, a ruler can be a wand for a magician. Role play using props, the children play act different roles they are familiar with such as Mummy Daddy, brothers and sisters, going shopping. Socio dramatic play a group of children play out scenes from real life such as taking their dog to the vet. This type of play is better for children with good language skills, children with English not their first language will not get as much out of this, they will need support from staff to help improve language skills. Superhero children dress up to act out their heroes from films they have seen like Toy Story, Shrek, Spiderman and Frozen. Small world using small animals, cars, toy soldiers children enjoy making up situations and manipulating the objects. They could act out a battle or be a farmer looking after the animals. Resources Plenty of dressing up costumes in different sizes Everyday items for baking, shopping at supermarket, Farm and zoo animals, miniature cars, toy soldiers Play house Example from nursery In the home corner we have used containers of real products that have been filled with coloured liquid or a substance that isnt dangerous for the children, such as a used Vimto bottle filled with water which has been coloured with purple food colouring to look like actually Vimto. There is also a washing up powder box filled with table salt as well as more everyday objects that the children will watch their parents handling. These resources give the children a real-life experience enabling them to use their imagination and creativity. They can also improve their fine motor skills as they pretend to poor drinks and serve food. Children can improve their communications skills as they talk to the other children and role play situations they have witnessed at home. These resources also help the children to enhance their social skills as they interact with the other children. Good language skills are needed for imaginative play so children will find it harder to join in if they have delays in language. Practitioners need to be aware of this so they can support the children with a different type of play which helps their holistic development. Sensory Experiencing how water, sand, play dough, gloop feel and what you can do with them helps with fine motor skills and eye-hand coordination. At the same time children are learning about texture and properties of materials, maths concepts of volume and shape. Resources Sand and water Play dough bought or home made Food mashed potato, pasta Example from nursery In my nursery, they have a sand tray which they have access to all the time. There are different objects in the sand such as stones, buckets, spades and miniature animals. The sand can be made into different consistencies, it can be completely dry with no water this allows the children to feel the sand between their hands and put it into containers and pour it out. When water is added to the sand it makes it malleable so the children can build sandcastles and other things with it. It promotes the child imagination and creativity. This type of sensory play is very relaxing for the children and is very good for children with disabilities, they can enjoy the feel of the sand on their hands. Sand play can advance a childs physical development, they use their upper bodies to handle the sand and play with the objects. They can dig, poor, scoop and grab the sand which also improves the childrens hand eye coordination. When children play in the sand they usually play alongside other children therefore this encourages their social skills. They must learn how to share the objects and get a space around the sand tray for themselves. Sand play also promotes cognitive development as the children are learning about the conservation of matter as they play with the sand, pouring it into different size and shape containers. Creative Creative play is when children make or create something, they use the resources you provide but it is important they choose what they want to do. This helps with fine motor skills, eye-hand coordination, expressing and releasing emotions. They learn to manage frustration and how practising something helps you improve. When the child succeeds after they keep trying, they feel a lot of satisfaction. An example of this is making a necklace from beads. This requires good eye-hand coordination to thread the beads and patience if they keep falling off the elastic. The child learns to persevere and not give up. Also, they can help each other which develops their social skills. It is important for staff to not jump in to help, to encourage the child to keep trying. Resources Drawing and painting paper, card, paints, crayons, brushes Musical instruments mouth organ, kazoo, recorder, drums, small keyboard Collage materials glitter, textiles, glue, beads, feathers, string Junk for modelling boxes, tubes Modelling kits for 6-8 year olds Example from nursery In the nursery, there is a box with lots of recycled containers and materials such as, milk cartons, cardboard boxes, straws and lots more. The chldren can make whatever they want with the materials and they are given the freedom to do so. All the materials help develop the childrens creativity, they can experiment with the resources and use their imagination to think up ideas of what they want to make. When children handle the materials they are improving their fine motor skills as they are using their muscles in their hands to cut with scissors, and use their fingers to stick things together. Construction Children enjoy putting things together such as jigsaws, wood blocks and constructing things for example lego/duplo. They can make dens from sheets over chairs or out of large boxes. This helps with hand-eye coordination, spatial awareness, how things work. Building a tall tower gives a sense of achievement this helps self-esteem. Resources Jigsaws, bricks, model aircraft and trains Different sizes of cardboard boxes Example from nursery In the outdoor space of my nursery they have a construction area with large coloured plastic bricks. The children can build towers and walls and knock them over and rebuild them. Playing with the bricks gives the children a good opportunity to advance their social skills and communication as they cooperate to build a tall tower. They must be able to share the bricks with the other children and take it in turns to build what they want to. They use their gross motor skills to place the bricks on top of each other and as the tower gets taller they have to reach up to place the bricks on top. If another child knocks down their tower, they have to learn how to express their emotions of anger, frustration, upset and assert themselves to tell the child not to do it again. Case Study 2-8 year olds In The Secret Life of 5 year Olds TV programme Jude struggles with being on the losing team when they are doing an obstacle course challenge. The winners get some chocolate and he wants some as well. He thinks it isnt fair that only the winners get the chocolate, he gets very upset and angry and cries. He asks his friends to get it for him. At first they try but it annoys the other children so they stop playing with him. Jude isnt able to control his emotions and accept he lost. He cant put himself in their shoes to see their point of view. The teacher sees that Jude needs her help and support to manage his emotions. In the next episode she takes him to one side and quietly supports him, she explains a better way to react. This enables Jude to behave differently the next time, he has developed his social and emotional areas of development. In the next task he shows that he has learned how to manage his feelings when he loses because he says Well done to the winning team (episodes 1 a nd 2 Channel 4 Nov 29th and Dec 6th 2016). The other children want to play with him more because he isnt having a tantrum. Sometimes you have to get involved to help a child develop to the next level. If the teacher had just left Jude to carry on getting angry, he would have lost his friends and not learnt a better way to lose. Types of play for children ages 0 2 Play is different for babies, they learn through their senses. Also, they need a lot more interaction and supervision from adults. Treasure basket Elinor Goldschmied had the idea for Treasure Baskets. This is an activity for babies who can sit on the floor unsupported and grasp objects. Lots of natural objects are put in a low basket that a baby can reach into. The adult is nearby to supervise in case the baby tries to put things in her mouth. Kathy Brodie says No plastic! (KathyBrodie.com) She means that you should provide natural resources with lots of different shapes and textures. Toys are smooth and plastic so the baby wont learn much from picking one up, they are too young to do much more than touch, smell and taste at this age. It is important to let the baby choose what to explore, the role of the adult is to supervise so the child is safe and to reassure them by being nearby. The objects can include things which are light or heavy, rigid or squishy, warm or cold. Lots of variety stimulates the babys senses, this helps development in the brain, new neural connections are made. Using the treasure basket helps develop hand-eye coordination, it also helps the baby get stronger muscles. The activity could last as long as 45 minutes depending on the childs interest and concentration. If they put things in their mouths you need to clean them before another child gets the basket. Review the contents regularly and change the objects to keep the babies interested. Example of resources Low sided basket with about 30 objects in Natural fir cones, pebbles, shells Wood spoons, pegs, wooden curtain rings Metal bells, whisk, small pan, teaspoon Others pot pourri bag, soap, fabrics, hairbrush, mirror, lemon Heuristic Play This is for older babies and toddlers, they want to find out what they can do with objects, not just touch them like the babies. As well as the objects from a treasure basket, you can add man-made things so the toddler can widen their exploring. Bigger objects can be used as the children can stand up, they have more control over their movements. This is a child-directed activity like for the treasure baskets, adults just supervise, they dont get involved unless there is a danger or the child invites them. In communityplaythings.co.uk Helen Huleatt says When toddlers make an enjoyable discovery for instance when one item fits into another, or an interesting sound is produced they often repeat the action several times to test the result, which strengthens cognitive development as well as fine muscle control and hand/eye coordination. Heuristic play needs a clear space for the objects and children, objects are grouped into types for example, all the tins in one group, the fabrics in another. The role of the practitioner is to set out the area then sit quietly nearby. At the end of the session the children can help to clear away, they can develop cognitive ability by sorting types of objects or colours into boxes they came out of. It is important to choose the right time for this activity, if the children are tired, they cant concentrate very well. Observing what the children interact with and how they use the objects will mean you can develop these interests in other types of play. For example, if you notice a child who enjoys sorting things by colour, you could help them to learn the names of the colours in a construction activity with different coloured bricks. Supervision is important to ensure the children dont put things is their mouths or break things causing sharp edges. Staff need to be near enough to intervene but not distract their concentration. If a child doesnt seem to be interested, they may be tired or hungry, there may not be enough objects to attract them. Example of resources Objects from the treasure baskets can be used Cotton reels, buttons, fabrics Containers of different shapes and size, made of different materials Tubes for pushing things through, cardboard boxes Peek a Boo and Hide and Seek Babies enjoy games like Peek a boo. As well as being fun it helps them to learn about object permanence. At first when something is out of sight a very young baby will think it no longer exists, they are surprised when you peek out. By about 4 or 5 months old babies know an object still exists even if they cant see it, they start to anticipate seeing you. Older babies and toddlers like playing Hide and Seek, especially when the adult pretends they cant see them. The game encourages children to develop problem-solving skills by finding a place to hide or looking for everyone. They improve physical ability by running about looking for a hiding place to squeeze into. They develop social skills by taking turns Resources Provide small spaces where children can hide Roll a ball Roll a ball helps a young childs holistic development. They develop hand-eye coordination and balance by rolling the ball, they learn about taking turns which develops social skills; their communication skills develop by listening to an adult talk about the activity. Resources Different sized balls Case study 11 months old The baby I have been observing plays Peek a Boo with her Mum. Her Mum said at first she got upset when she hid behind her hands but slowly she realised her Mum was still there. When I watched, the baby was laughing and smiling. She wanted her Mum to keep doing it. This game helped the baby to understand that when her Mum leaves the room she will come back so she doesnt get upset and cry for her. A strong attachment is very important for young babies to develop so they need to learn this as soon as possible. Resources to support play and learning A good variety and amount of resources are needed to support children If they are good quality they will last longer, there is less chance of the children being injured. All resources need to be safe for children to use, they have to have the safety marks to show they have been tested and are safe. These are the CE mark, the Lion mark and the Kite Mark. Each age group and ability/stage of development will need its own resources. Too many toys limits creative and imaginative play so provide lots of blocks, shells and containers instead of actual toys. You need somewhere to store them all so if you put them in boxes the children can play with the boxes as well. Older children might have particular interests for example dinosaurs so you could provide a set of different types of dinosaurs, books about them, and clay for them to make models. The 6-8 year olds could make a video using their models this would help their ICT skills as well as language skills. They would improve their fine motor skills by modelling and work together to make the video, improving social skills. Another thing is about different cultures and religions. If you have children from another country, like asylum seekers, they will do things differently so you must provide resources that they recognise. This could be dressing up clothes from other countries or different play foods for the home corner. Dolls should be of different colours so a black or asian child can identify with them. Books should show children from different races and cultures being heroes, not just white children, this helps them to have a positive sense of identity. As the children grow and develop the way they play changes, it depends on the individual child. Play is more social for 4 year olds than 2 year olds because their communication skills are better, they play cooperatively, they are more imaginative. 2 year olds need supervision to ensure safety and help them engage in play but 5- 8 years olds are very independent compared to 2 year olds, they dont want adults getting involved except to sort out problems. Older children like board games, they understand rules and taking turns whereas toddlers dont have the cognitive abilities. They are not good at sharing, they think if they want something they should have it. Research on successful outcomes of Early Years provision both in the short term and for later success in school and as adults has pointed to some general guidelines. The best outcomes for childrens learning occur where most of the activity within a childs day is a mixture of: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ child-initiated play, actively supported by adults à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ focused learning, with adults guiding the learning through playful, rich experiential activities. (Learning, Playing and Interacting 2009) If children only do free play then some areas of development and skills can get missed out. They may keep repeating the same activities so they dont learn anything new. If adults direct all their play it is less fun and prevents them gaining independence, it is better to plan a range of activities and opportunities during each day or week, this ensures their needs are met. Children aged 0-2 benefit more from adult-initiated play than 2-8 year olds. This is because the older children have developed a lot further, they need less help. Older children like to make up their own games and decide what to do. If they are offered the same resources, the younger and older children will use them differently. Babies and toddlers enjoy water play because it feels good, they can splash about, it is relaxing. They develop fine motor skills using buckets and spades. However, older children play with water in a different way. They like to measure out different amounts, see what sinks and floats. They will do experiments to test out ideas or use water in role play. Conclusion Supporting childrens learning and development through play and activities is the best way to develop the child holistically. Children are unique, they develop at different rates, practitioners must observe all the time so they have a good understanding of each child and their interests. They can plan a range of opportunities to help them develop more and provide resources the child will enjoy, also to provide a challenge so they develop. References The Early Years Foundation Stage Practice Guidance 2008 p1.17 Crown Learning, Playing and Interacting: Good Practice in the Early Years Foundation Stage 2009 p5 Department for Children Schools and Families Crown 2009 http://www.kathybrodie.com/articles/treasure-baskets/ accessed 11/12/2016 www.communityplaythings.co.uk/learning-library/articles/heuristic-play accessed 11/12/2016 Bibliography http://www.ebay.co.uk/gds/8-Reasons-Why-Playing-in-the-Sand-Is-Good-for-Kids-/10000000177634049/g.html Tassoni, P. A parents guide to treasure basket and heuristic play (2015) Nursery World p30-32 Tassoni et al 2014 Pearson Education Limited, Harlow

Life Of Rodin :: essays research papers fc

Auguste Rodin was born November 12, 1840 in Paris and attended the Ecole des Arts Decoratifs in Paris at age 14. Rodin had a special gift for modeling human figures and faces; therefore sculpting humans is all he did. Decorators and commercial sculptors exploited Rodin at a very young age. It was some 20 years before he could sculpt for himself, under the commercial sculptor Albert Carrier-Belleuse. (Auguste, 19) Rodin sculpted ornamental figures for several major buildings in Brussels, such as the Bourse and the Palais des Academies. He then worked on the monument to Jean-Francois Loos, the former mayor of Antwerp. Rodin did not start this monument, but he work on it. Rodin acquired a sufficient amount of money to travel to Italy, which was an important step in his career. In 1877 he returned to Paris with his first major sculpture, The Age of Bronze. This piece of work showed a young man coming out of misery and depression to a state of heightened awareness. Critics and fellow artists thought and also accused Rodin of making this piece from a plaster cast taken directly from a living person. This deeply hurt Rodin. (Auguste, 19) In 1880, Rodin was contracted by the French government to make a door for the projected Musee des Arts Decortifs. Rodin worked endlessly on the sketches for the bronze door, now titled The Gates of Hell. In 1883 Rodin met Camille, this is when he had reached his â€Å"decisive stage† in preparations for The Gates of Hell. This aspect of Rodin’s work and ideas has to be borne in mind considering the beginning of his relationship with Camille Claude. (Auguste, 21-22) Camille and Rodin had, at first, an intimate attraction for each other. Rodin met Camille when he was an instructor correcting the work of a group of young ladies. This man was the master who could finally teach Camille a proper set of artistic bearings. Rodin could knead the clay â€Å"at lightning speeds† and instantly create the most complex and expressive form. (Auguste, 22) In 1884, Rodin made his first portrait of Camille, an â€Å"austerely beautiful head with large eyes, short hair and sharply defined features†. And by 1886, Rodin was so obsessed with Camille that he followed her to England where she was staying with her friend Jessie Lipcomb and her family in Peterborough. (Auguste, 24) In the fall of 1884, he was commissioned to design the monument to The Burghers of Calais, which was to become one of his major works. Life Of Rodin :: essays research papers fc Auguste Rodin was born November 12, 1840 in Paris and attended the Ecole des Arts Decoratifs in Paris at age 14. Rodin had a special gift for modeling human figures and faces; therefore sculpting humans is all he did. Decorators and commercial sculptors exploited Rodin at a very young age. It was some 20 years before he could sculpt for himself, under the commercial sculptor Albert Carrier-Belleuse. (Auguste, 19) Rodin sculpted ornamental figures for several major buildings in Brussels, such as the Bourse and the Palais des Academies. He then worked on the monument to Jean-Francois Loos, the former mayor of Antwerp. Rodin did not start this monument, but he work on it. Rodin acquired a sufficient amount of money to travel to Italy, which was an important step in his career. In 1877 he returned to Paris with his first major sculpture, The Age of Bronze. This piece of work showed a young man coming out of misery and depression to a state of heightened awareness. Critics and fellow artists thought and also accused Rodin of making this piece from a plaster cast taken directly from a living person. This deeply hurt Rodin. (Auguste, 19) In 1880, Rodin was contracted by the French government to make a door for the projected Musee des Arts Decortifs. Rodin worked endlessly on the sketches for the bronze door, now titled The Gates of Hell. In 1883 Rodin met Camille, this is when he had reached his â€Å"decisive stage† in preparations for The Gates of Hell. This aspect of Rodin’s work and ideas has to be borne in mind considering the beginning of his relationship with Camille Claude. (Auguste, 21-22) Camille and Rodin had, at first, an intimate attraction for each other. Rodin met Camille when he was an instructor correcting the work of a group of young ladies. This man was the master who could finally teach Camille a proper set of artistic bearings. Rodin could knead the clay â€Å"at lightning speeds† and instantly create the most complex and expressive form. (Auguste, 22) In 1884, Rodin made his first portrait of Camille, an â€Å"austerely beautiful head with large eyes, short hair and sharply defined features†. And by 1886, Rodin was so obsessed with Camille that he followed her to England where she was staying with her friend Jessie Lipcomb and her family in Peterborough. (Auguste, 24) In the fall of 1884, he was commissioned to design the monument to The Burghers of Calais, which was to become one of his major works.

Hamlet Literary Analysis - Stages of Grief Essay -- William Shakespear

Elizabeth Kubler-Ross developed a theory based on what she perceived to be the stages of acceptance of death. Her theory has been taken further by psychologists and therapists to explain the stages of grief in general. Kubler-Ross identified five stages: denial and isolation, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance, as happening in that order. In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, Hamlet exhibits all five stages of grief, we can assume in relation to the recent death of his father, but not necessarily in this order, and in fact the five seem to overlap in many parts of the play.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Instead of denial and isolation, which is the first stage according to Kubler-Ross, Hamlet dwells in a state of depression. The University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Department of Psychiatry states â€Å"Depression occurs as a reaction to the changed way of life created by the loss. The bereaved person feels intensely sad, hopeless, drained and helpless† (www.uams.edu). Hamlet’s depression is revealed in his fourth soliloquy. â€Å"Whether ‘tis nobler in the mind to suffer/ Or take arms against a sea of troubles,/ And by opposing them? To die, to sleep;† (Shakespeare III.i.57-60) Meditative and weary Hamlet gives up on any hope for the future. He contemplates suicide making obvious his profound state of despair. Hamlet’s thoughts of suicide continue in this painful speech, â€Å"His canon ‘gainst self-slaughter! Oh God! God!/ How weary, stale flat and unprofitable,/ Seem to me all the uses of this world!/ Fie onâ€⠄¢t! Ah fie! ‘tis an unweeded garden† (I.ii.132-135) Here are a sickness of life, and even a longing for death, that strengthens Hamlet’s intense depression.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  While Hamlet may still be feeling depressed Hamlet moves into the stage of denial and isolation. Hamlet feels the effects of denial and isolation mostly due to his love, Ophelia. Both Hamlet’s grief and his task constrain him from realizing this love, but Ophelia’s own behavior clearly intensifies his frustration and anguish. By keeping the worldly and disbelieving advice of her brother and father as â€Å"watchmen† to her â€Å"heart† (I.iii.46), she denies the heart’s affection not only in Hamlet, but in herself; and both denials add immeasurably to Hamlet’s sense of loneliness and loss—and anger. Her rejection of him echoes his mother’s inconstancy and denies him the possibility even of imagining the experience of loving an... ...r. Hamlet speaks to Horatio quietly, almost serenely, with the unexultant calm which characterizes the end of the long, inner struggle of grief. He has looked at the face of death in his father’s ghost, he has now endured death and loss in all the human beings he has loved, and he now accepts those losses as an inevitable part of his own condition. â€Å"He states, â€Å"The readiness is all† suggesting what is perhaps the last and most difficult task of mourning, his own readiness to die† (Bloom 135). Hamlet recognizes and accepts his own death.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hamlet throughout the play lives in a world of mourning. This bereavement route he experiences can be related to Elizabeth Kubler-Ross’s theory on this process. The death of Hamlet’s spirit can be traced through depression, denial and isolation, bargaining, anger, and acceptance. The natural sorrow and anger of Hamlet’s multiple griefs include all human frailty in their protest and sympathy and touch upon the deepest synapses of grief in our own lives, not only for those who have died, but for those, like ourselves, who are still alive. Hamlet’s experience of grief, and his recovery from it, is one it which we ourselves respond most deeply.

Nine Tomorrows - Will Computers Control the Future? :: Nine Tomorrows Essays

Nine Tomorrows   - Will Computers Control the Future?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   People always tend to seek the easy way out looking for something that would make their lives easier.   Machines and tools have given us the ability to do more in less time giving us, at the same time, more comfort. As the technology advances, computers become faster and more powerful. These new machines are enabling us to do more in less time making our lives easier. The increased use of computers in the future, however, might have negative results and impact on our lives.   In the novel Nine Tomorrows Isaac Asimov often criticizes our reliance on computers by portraying a futuristic world where computers control humans.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   One of the images which Asimov describes in the book is that humans might become too dependent on computers.   In one of the stories, Profession, Asimov writes about people being educated by computer programs designed to educate effortlessly a person. According to the Profession story people would no longer read books to learn and improve their knowledge.   People would rely on the computers rather than "try to memorize enough to match someone else who knows" (Nine Tomorrows, Profession 55). People would not chose to study, they would only want to be educated by computer tapes.   Putting in knowledge would take less time than reading books and memorizing something that would take almost no time using a computer in the futuristic world that Asimov describes.   Humans might began to rely on computers and allow them to control themselves by letting computers educate people. Computers would start teaching humans what computers tell them without having any choice of creativity.   Computers would start to control humans' lives and make humans become too dependent on the computers.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another point that is criticized by Asimov is the fact that people might take their knowledge for granted allowing computers to take over and control their lives.   In a story called The Feeling of Power, Asimov portrays how people started using computers to do even simple mathematical calculations.   Over a long period of time people became so reliable on computers that they forgot the simplest multiplication and division rules.

Poor nutrition and its effects on learning Essay

Picture yourself very hungry but struck in work, you will be distressed and very hard to concentrate on the job in front of you. If it is the case with us adults, just imagine how it would feel like if you were a five year old girl, sad and hungry just because your parents are not rich enough to feed you daily. This is the situation in most of the under developed and developing countries. This is a reality, and a nightmare in the youth of many children and thereby impacts the learning ability of these poor and destitute future citizens. There is a correlation between nutrition and behavior of brain functioning, that has always been under-researched. Schools have the resources and ability to maintain a pivotal role in making and maintaining our children’s’ learning capabilities and helping them benefit socially by creating resources of healthy food as breakfasts and lunches in the school’s working days. The idea of good nutrition is not limited to birth, Minimum nutritional requirement becomes a necessity right from the moment she is in the mother’s womb. It is regrettable and very sad to say that not every mother who will be conceiving is capable of giving her baby a better start. A teenager who doesn’t apprehend the importance of minimum nutrition, a grownup who has to miss her lunch to spare a few dollars, a pregnant woman who doesn’t feel like eating and doesn’t consume enough vitamins, fats, minerals and nutrients are prone to higher uncertainty of conceiving low weight babies. It is the government’s responsibility to give subsidies on daily cereals, vegetables and conduct camps where people under -the poverty line can have their nutritional requirements met. By providing the nation’s under-paid families and their youth with nutritious food and by making use of the vast farming lands owned by the government to cultivate the essential commodities so that they in turn help prevent malnutrition children by providing nutritious meals, at least once a day. Finally, it can be said that the most prominent of problems that poor face is Malnutrition, and it has been eating up the younger generation and thereby weakening the country. If the government is careful to see that the minimum nutrients are provided as a part of education, the problem can be reduced to a significantly lower stage.

Competing with Information Technology Essay

Chapter 2 introduces fundamental concepts of competitive advantage through information technology and illustrates major strategic applications of information systems. Information Technology (IT) professionals must understand how to use IT systems and technology to deliver a competitive advantage to the organization. Information systems and technology should provide more than a cost savings benefit to organizations. Today, IT solutions are expected to provide the means to surpass a competitor’s performance. As discussed in Chapter 1, the role of IT professionals is changing. Currently, there is an evolving term, business technology, which is used to describe the emerging role in IT. IT professionals are becoming more and more integrated with the business operations of an organizations. The Real World Case Study 4, â€Å"IT Leaders: Reinventing IT as a Strategic Business Partner,† describes how one organization is reorganizing to better utilize IT to increase business benefits and contribute to a competitive advantage. It is important for an IT organization to utilize IT to reduce the cost of running the business, grow the business, or develop new services to change the business. To position an organization to better provide its products and services, an understanding of the competitive forces is needed. Michael Porter identifies five threats that require business strategies ensure that an organization can out-perform other competitors. They are: 1. Rivalry of competitors within its industry 2. Threat of new entrants 3. Threat posed by substitute products that might capture its market share 4. The bargaining power of customers 5. The bargaining power of suppliers To counteract these threats, competitive strategies must be developed to address the potential risks an organization may encounter as it strives to maintain its position on the market place. The competitive strategies are: 1. Cost Leadership Strategy 2. Differentiation Strategy 3. Innovation Strategy 4. Growth Strategies 5. Alliance Strategies 6. Other Strategies These strategies can be used either individually or in a combination to position an organization to better compete for the future. An example of an organization that is utilizing IT to change how it does business and remain economically viable in the future is the online magazine Cross Talk. In the 1990’s, Cross Talk was printing and mailing the magazine to subscribers. With a decrease in funding, this organization had to develop ways to reduce costs, deliver its services to its subscribers, grow its subscriber base, demonstrate its value above other on-line content providers, and justify why it should not be eliminated. Cross Talk is now available at its new website in either an online digital flipbook format or PDF version—CrossTalk is now completely electronic. This change reduces their carbon footprint and allows them to bring the journal to their readers in their preferred and most convenient format. This is also CrossTalk’s first step towards reaching new reader devices and enhancing the suitability of the journal for our increasing electronic readership. Customer Value Customer value has become a driving force in the world economy. A key success factor for many organizations is developing customer value by increasing customer loyalty, anticipate their future needs, respond to customer concerns, and provide top-quality customer service. One example is Southwest Airlines. Not only have they automated ticket sales via the Internet, Southwest also sends special offers regarding discounts available at my destination, emails to remind customers that the trip is â€Å"around the corner,† text alerts if a flight is delayed, and offers incentives to fly with them. It seems that Southwest Airlines provides a personal assistant to help make the travel experience more enjoyable. Think about how some of your favorite businesses are creating customer value for you. Internet Technologies Many organizations use Internet technologies to create a strategy to offer fast, responsive, high-quality products and services tailored to a customer’s individual preferences. Internet technologies make customers the focal point of customer relationship management (CRM) and other e-business applications. New technologies such as wikis and blogs are also being incorporated as a means to provide enhanced customer experience. Such communications enable continual interaction with customers by creating a cross-functional collaboration with customers in product development, marketing, delivery, service, and technical support. Television is taking advantage of this capability. TV news shows are reading and answering emails and some reality TV shows allow views to vote for their favorite contestant, preferred ending, or favorite commercial. Using the Internet technologies, business units are better able to shape and offer products and services. Value Chain The value chain is another concept that helps to identify opportunities for strategic information systems. It views an organization as a series of basic activities that add value to its products and services. In this framework, activities are organized into primary and support processes. From the business understanding gained by analyzing an organization’s value chain, the IT organization can determine where to best apply IT systems and technology. The following value chain graphic provides an example of how and where information technologies can be applied to specific business processes to gain a competitive advantage in the market place. Value chain offered by information technologies. Business Reengineering Often times, to remain competitive, an organization must consider more than just where and what IT systems and technology solutions should applied. An organization must look at how it actually does business and then reengineer its business processes. Business reengineering requires an organization to re-design how it does business by eliminating stove-piped, silo organizations and functions, develop an improved understanding for opportunities for information sharing, and instituting enhanced stewardship regarding an organizations data and business processes. Agile Companies The rate of change is increasing and organizations must be able to quickly respond to changing market trends. Standardized, long-lived products and services are giving way to globalized, niche markets which offer products that are individualized and short-lived. To become an agile organization, an organization must consider the following strategies. 1. Provide a solution that customers perceive as a solution to an individual problem. This allows the product to be priced based on value rather than cost to produce. 2. Cooperate with customers suppliers, and other companies to quickly bring the product to market. 3. Thrive on change and uncertainty. 4. Leverage the individuals and knowledge of the processes. Become entrepreneurial in spirit. Knowledge as a Competitive Advantage To remain competitive, organization must become a learning organization. Organizations must be able to capture the knowledge of the organization, learn from this knowledge, and then use it to enhance its offerings. Knowledge Management Systems facilitates an organization’s ability to capture and then utilize its knowledge. Understanding and being able to utilize this â€Å"unstructured date† is key to developing and maintain a competitive advantage. Information capture includes processes, procedures, patents, reference works, best practices, etc. This integration of knowledge helps an organization become an innovative and agile provider of high-quality products and customer services, and potentially a more formidable competitor in the market place. Leaders in information technology are expected to be not only a technology professional but also a business professional. Many are tasked with finding emerging business opportunities, driving growth, encouraging innovation, and engaging customers. This provides a tremendous opportunity for you to step up and co-create and ultimately shape the future business vision. Collaborating with the business will not be enough—you don’t just provide the technology but jointly own the success and failure of business initiatives. IT Portfolio Management and Governance An emerging trend is enhanced IT Portfolio Management and Governance as a means to effectively apply IT systems and technology to business needs. According to Richard Spires, DHS CIO, in his blog post entitled Getting Program Governance Right Helps Ensure Success on the federal CIO Council Web site: Complex IT systems encompass at least a half-dozen stakeholder organizations that must be synchronized, including the strategy organization, the business or mission owner of the system, IT, finance, procurement, security, and privacy. Ensuring all key stakeholders are involved in key decisions is an essential element to assuring genuine alignment. Program Governance Boards provide guidance, decision-making, and oversight of one or more programs. The function of the Program Governance Board is not to usurp the authorities of the Program Manager (PM), but rather to provide a forum by which the PM can bring key issues and trade-off decisions to an informed, empowered body that has a vested interest in that program’s success and views the PM as a trusted advisor and true subject matter specialist. IT organizations must determine where to invest time, people, and money in current and new IT systems and services in order to enhance the value of products and services. To do this, many organizations are categorizing offerings into individual portfolios and establishing a strong governance structure to guide the selection and investment into solutions. Enterprise Architecture Organizations are establishing an Enterprise Architecture (EA) to inform, guide and constrain the investment decisions made by governance boards regarding IT systems. The Federal CIO Council defines EA as: Enterprise Architecture is a strategic information asset base, which defines the mission, the information necessary to perform the mission and the technologies necessary to perform the mission, and the transitional processes for implementing new technologies in response to changing mission needs. An enterprise architecture includes a baseline architecture, target architecture (sometimes referred to an as-is and to-be), and a sequencing plan. An EA identifies which processes and IT systems to standardize and integrate. The benefits of an EA are reduction in IT Costs, improved IT responsiveness, guides the proper selection of IT solutions to ensure the accomplishment strategic business outcomes. The components of an enterprise architecture is described in the figure below: Various layers of an enterprise architecture. (Source: NIST) Conclusion How does your organization determine how to invest in IT? You might see if one of your organization’s senior executives is available for a 30 minute meeting to discuss how the organization determines what technologies to invest in as a corporation. Think about questions to ask. Some examples might be: how is an business need identified? How are IT investments justified? Who are your competitors? If you work for an IT consulting firm, you might as how the company decides what contracts it will bid on. It can be said that our use of IT systems and technology is equivalent to when we were using rotary telephones. As you complete your Masters Program at UMUC, remain watchful of emerging trends in the IT industry, how it will be utilized to gain a competitive advantage, and what impact it will have on the skills needed by an IT professional and the organization structure required to take advantage of the advancements in technology. Trends currently occurring that may be worth watching are: cloud computing, software as a service, virtualization, social networks, and mobile computing. It is through developing learning as a life-long habit, remaining aware of trends in the industry, and understanding the impact that technology has on a company’s ability to compete that you, as an individual, will be able to keep your skills current, agile, and competitive.

Compare and Contract the Giver

Compare and Contrast If I had to pick a world over my society and Jonas’ Society I would pick Jonas’s world. The reason I would pick Jonas’s world because one, in our world we get to pick or spouses but yet 50% of the time spouses get divorced. In Jonas’s world we are chosen a spouse by the committee and they will match us with the perfect couple. On page 48, the Committee of Elders could take up to years before they find a perfect spouse for you, which means that there will be no fights between husband and wife.I also think How they create Families in our world are created differently in his World. In our world we get to keep our baby and yet sometimes we can get unwanted babies otherwise in Jonas’ world we get to have one girl and boy but yet apply for it. There’s only one reason that is I don’t get in Jonas world. On page 44, the page states that when you loss someone you will chant there name throughout the day softer and softer as the days goes by but yet they will replace him with another child with the same name I think that’s somewhat a good idea yet not a good idea.It is a good idea because one, they have a big celebration for the loss but sadly Replaces them. On the other hand, in our world We celebrate our deaths with funerals and memorials and we never see them again. I don’t think replacing someone else in Jonas’ world will literally replace the person who passed away. So, to wrap it off I would rather live in Jonas’s world for a nice healthy drama free life.

It Happened On The Way To War Paper Essay

It Happened On The Way To War is a book by Rye Barcott. This book talks about a marine who dreams of making a difference in the world. We read about his life, feeling as if we were a part of it. Three values that he clearly shows in this book are balance, leadership and Inspiration. Somebody once said that in order to succeed in life, you have to have a balance between your personal life and your professional life. Rye Barcott not only shows us the importance of having a balance, but he also shows us how hard it is to find that balance. While he was a part of the Marines, he was expected to transition easily from the combat mode to peace keeping mode. He thought that he will be able to separate the founder of Carolina for Kibera(CFK) from the marine that he was meant to be and vice versa. However as he started his journey, he soon realized how difficult finding balance actually is. After he came back from Kibera and started bootcamp. Rye noticed a difference in his performance. His said that for the first time in his life, he was in the bottom half of the class. â€Å" It’s like a dual culture shock† (90 Barcott, Rye) thats what is what his mother said that he was going through. This was the first time, we see Rye struggling to keep his personal and professional life separate. As time went by he was able to over come the cultural shock, however once he was an official marine. he was presented with a new challenge. He had to look at children that he was trying to improve the lives off, as potential suspects. As a marine he had to check kids that looked innocent for bombs and weapons and then then as a founder of CFK he had to go and help them. In my leadership class, I have been taught that in order to be a good leader you need to do 5 things. You have to model the way, inspire a shared vision, encourage the heart, challenge the process and enable others to act. In the book, Rye demonstrates most if not all of these 5 qualities. He modeled the way, by showing people that you don’t need to be rich in order to make a difference in the world, you just need dedication and a good group of people who are willing to work with you. When Rye met Salim, he decided to take take Salim’s vision of Kibera and make it his own. He inspired a shared a vision, Salim told Rye his dream about Kibera’s future and how he is currently trying to achieve it, however he probably did not expect Rye to actually support the dream or even come back to Kibera. However Rye shocked him by not only coming back to Kibera, but also by working with him to achieve his goal. Tabitha’s meeting with Rye is a great example of how Rye encouraged the heart.He had just met Tabitha and she was asking him to trust her and help her. There was no guarantee that Tabitha would succeed, but Rye supported her and helped her achieve her dream. Challenging the Process requires you to stand up and stand out of the crowd. There are many books published about a person and the amount of good her or she does in the world. However the reason that Rye’s story is different from others is because Rye is a marine. People are attracted to this book, because on the front cover the caption reads â€Å"A Marines Path To Peace† Which is very unique. When people think about the Marines, they think of war not peace. There aren’t many books about a marine that fights a war in the day, and runs a non-profit organization by night. The work that Rye does in his book, things like organizing soccer tournaments and trash clean ups, enables others to act. In order for the kids to play the sports, they have to help the community by cleaning up the trash. It taught the kids positive feedback. They did something good for others and in return they got something good out of it. This practice motivated the people of Kibera to act! This wasn’t the only way he enabled other to act, he was able to convince his friend Nate to help others and modeled the way for him. Inspiration is a huge deal in Rye’s life. He would have not achieved some much in his life, if he wasn’t inspired by the people he met in his life. Tabitha and Salim showed him that even though they have faced many hardships, it is still possible to achieve your dreams as long as you work hard with passion and integrity. His teachers/professors at UNC helped him tremendously. When him and his friends weren’t able to get many funds, it was his professors that helped him get through, and motivated him and gave him guidance that eventually got him the funds that he needed. Not only did they guide him, but they helped him with his project. Professor Peacock and Kohn who he met in his freshman year helped him with his thesis in grad school and taught him how to run an effective non-profit organization. Even when he was a kid, his father’s marine friends were mentors for him. â€Å"My good fortune started when I was a bot.† (110, Barcott, Rye) They guided him and helped him realize his future plan. They guided him because they knew that he would in return be an inspiration and guide others in the future. Which is exactly what he did. He became an inspiration for the kids of Kibera. Rye Barcott’s journey in this book, wasn’t an easy one. The three values that he demonstrated in this book, balance, leadership and inspiration made him very unique. When he first started his journey, he did not have all three values, however as he grew as a person, he developed these values and tried to perfect them. Work Cited †¢ Barcott, Rye. Carolina For Kibera. N.p., n.d. Web. . †¢ Barcott, Rye. It Happend on the Way to War. USA: Bloomsbury, 2011. Print.

Security in the age of globlisation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Security in the age of globlisation - Essay Example fight’ of realist, liberal and constructionist research programmes, the latter had been discussed with major focus on its social and economic processes. Since globalization is a spatial progress, it does not accommodate the principles of interdependence. Globalization materializes the circulation and interpenetration of people and ideas along with its material exchanges across cultures. The private and public spheres merge and collide in such an environment. Unlike in the case of economic and social aspects of globalization, the effects of security are harder to conceptualize and measure. It has to be analyzed and comprehended in contrast with the Cold War effects on security. The agency and scope of threat in the globalized world has grown out of all expectations that terms like global violence and human security has become common parlance. The security constituencies are defined at every level from the global to the regional to the individual. While the security providers remain nationally defined, the dimensions of threat in the international sphere have grown much beyond its aegis. However the scope of security is also widened in the age of globalization, since the post Cold War security precepts expand beyond national constrictions. The issues that are brought under such expanded security comprise diseases, global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, bio-diversity loss and radioactive contamination. The ‘skill revolution’ among prospective terrorists has begun to pose a great threat as well. On a general societal level, despite the changing norms of security, globalization has made people both more aware and less decisive about intervent ion in ethnic conflicts. Non-Physical Security is the novel concept that had originated from globalization. When the existing security concepts are expanded to protection of information and technology assets, it gains a non-physical status. This includes greater information technology and smartness of weapons. Selling

Mobile Computing and Social Networks Term Paper

Mobile Computing and Social Networks - Term Paper Example On the other hand, mobile communication devices, once completely charged, are able to offer the similar working for 48 to 96 hours. Additionally, laptops and notebooks need a connection to a network for Internet access that is available at fixed site in working or living structure or wireless access points. Hence, these limitations make these systems and devices difficult to use and manage. On the other hand, mobile communication devices have a network connection access more than 99% of the time in approximately every region of developed nations (Goundar, 2011; Wyeth & MacColl, 2010; Draganova, 2009). This paper discusses some of the important aspects associated with mobile devices. This paper will discuss the impact of mobile devices in different areas of life. This paper also discusses any issues linked with the use of mobile devices. This paper will discuss the factors that need to be considered by mobile application developers while developing these applications. A few years ago having a cell phone was believed to be a social status symbol. At the present the system has been marketed as a need that we all need to carry out different tasks all through the day. Additionally, in the past the size of the telephones was extremely huge and they were kept in peoples automobiles. No one ever appeared to talk about wireless plans, or the potentials of their telephones. The simple question people discussed was, why did we bring our cordless telephone to the job? That appeared to be the simplest other time somebody actually saw a phone with that look. Now telephones have taken the shape of a great more innovative technology as they appear in various versions such as PDA, iPod, and iPhones. This century has seen the successful inventions and implementations of numerous technologies. These technologies have not only changed the way we live but also modernized them. Additionally, the new evolutionary technologies have

The Asthma Trap Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Asthma Trap - Essay Example The cause of asthma is not known but there are a few factors or social forces that can safely be said are the major causes of asthma. Genetic factor is one of the most common factors that say that it is hereditary and runs in the family. Next is the environmental factor that suggests that pollen, house dust mites, animal dander and tobacco smoke if present in the environment are allergens that trigger asthma. Irritants in the workplace like chemicals, dust, gases etc are major causes of asthma in adults that are due to the occupation which gives exposure to such allergens as in the paint factory or where dealing with raw cotton is done etc. A healthy lifestyle is very important as if dietary habits are not correct then asthma is likely to happen due to increased intake of processed foods and high use of salt. Less exercise and leading a very sedentary life is also one of the causes as reduced exercise means less stretching of the airways due to which abnormal contraction is observed even upon exposure to the minor irritants. Asthma is related to multiple factors which are beyond patients' control. Asthma has become the most common chronic illness among children in USA, affecting some 6 million kids, and its prevalence is growing at a rate that some public health experts find alarming. Since 1982, according to the National Center for Health Statistics, the number of asthma sufferers in the United States has doubled. Sara Corbett Like any other disease asthma too burdens the patients and their families both emotionally and financially. Particularly asthma in children takes a toll on the entire family as parents miss work to care for their children and struggle to pay hospital bills, children's grades fall off as absenteeism from school increases hence lower productivity at work. Patients dependent on inhalers have to carry it with them all the time and using it in public makes them conscious and socially misfit and some patients due to this often go into social recluse. Asthma burdens the patient financially as well. According to a study childhood asthma costs the nation $3.2 billion annually in health care expenses also the constant fear of a severe attack and the fear of death is always associated with asthma. According to the National Institutes of Health, more than 5,000 Americans die this way every year. Sara Corbett My brother is asthmatic and I personally have seen him going into social hermit and avoiding social gatherings because of the fear of asthma attacks or public usage of inhalers when suffering shortness of breath. As a child he felt chained while playing with kids his age who freely used to bike or used to indulge in strenuous activities as my brother took every step very cautiously because of asthma attack fear as in the past he had suffered when he was just having fun with people his age and doing things of his age. An interesting finding is that factors such as race, ethnicity, gender and socioeconomic can influence child health and have its impact on asthma. Let's discuss each factor: Gender Boys as compared to girls are more prone to asthma. However, in adolescence it's the reverse and asthma is more severe in females and is under diagnosed and undertreated. This change is seen around the time of puberty and could possibly be due to hormonal changes and differences in environmental

Public administration-politics dichotomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public administration-politics dichotomy - Essay Example His intension was to protect administration from political interference. He further indicated that administrations and politics are two distinct disciplines. His main concern was the influence that politics had on administration (Wilson, 1887). He argued that the plans of the government are not administrative and so the two should be kept apart. He later realized that the two cannot be kept apart and embraced dichotomy and agreed that they should be used to improve policies. Public administration dichotomy means that public administrators should be involved in policy processes and politicians should also be involved in administrative processes (Wilson, 1966). Other authors of public administration like (Yang and Hozler, 2005) agreed that administration should be used to protect politics and democracy from its own excesses. Another public administration proponent of the separation of public administration and politics was Goodnow who was of the opinion that politics had a strong effec t on public administration. Separating politics and public administration has not been achievable and the debate to keep the two apart continues. However the reality is that they influence each other. According to (Overeem, 2005), the dichotomy between public administration and politics mean that public administrators be politically neutral. Public administration should be impartial and not get involved in politics and its controversies. The insistence on the separation of public administration and politics lays emphasis on specialization and order in policy making and government administration. Since public administration and politics cannot be kept apart, they can be dichotomized in five ways; there has to be a distinction between policy and management, extend it from the inner workings of the government to the political body, keeping administration from political control, call for

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

International Business - Essay Example After achieving huge success level in domestic market leading companies wish to do business practices across the domestic border in order to maximize profit, its market share, core competency and goodwill. These are all tangible and intangible assets of a company. The company chooses internationalization process in order to take the advantages of advanced technology, potential marketplace and favorable economical factors of international market. The internationalization process and the reason of adopting the process can be identified by several business models. Demand and supply led drivers will help to identify the advantages of customer and supplier relationship management for the international market orientation and the difference of these two drivers will help to identify the impacts on business practices for a company. Followed by this the Eclectic theory of internationalization will help to analyze the different categorized advantages that will help international business pract ices. Next the Uppsala model will help to find the business activities of a company in a foreign market. Last but not the least the product life cycle tool will help the company to develop their product internationally considering different aspects of product life cycle. The objective of the study is to find the reason for internationalization of a company and evaluation of several international business tools. Demand and Supply Led Drivers In order to adopting international business process companies need to understand about the demand led drivers and supply led drivers. The basic purpose to reinforce this demand and supply drivers is the gaining knowledge of companies about the demand chain management and supply chain management in international market. The difference of demand led driver and the supply led driver in specific international market is based on importance. The supply led drivers is the degree that focus on consumers and this driver gives importance on efficiency of s ervice. Here the company management consider about cost-led and supreme level of customer service. The risk of this supply-led driver is that the target customers may be aggregated. Therefore the link between customer and supplier relationship management may be hampered. Demand led drivers hold the broader vision of relationship management. This driver integrates both of the customer and supplier relationship management. The need of demand led driver is to allocate required resources for thy international operation (Porter, 2011, p.115). It is kind of a push strategy which influences both the customer and suppliers. Supply led driver is more of a pull business aspect. It may affect the target customers different brand loyalty and orientation. Eclectic Theory Eclectic theory of internationalization is the economics theory based on the theory of transaction costs. The idea behind the application of eclectic theory in internationalization process is to understand the economic approache s in international competitive business market. The fundamental forms of international market such as Licensing, FDI, and Export can be distinguished by this theory (Cantwell and Narula, 2012, p.71). Before entering in international market the three categories of advantages in internationalization process of this theory such as ownership advantages, internationalization advantages and location advantages need to be identified by the company. If the company has ownership advantages such as knowledge about the international target market, employees’ international language skill, appropriate products, information about import permission and huge contacts can help the company to do the Licensing in

My Bus Tour from South Dakota, Pierre and to Mount Rushmore Essay - 9

My Bus Tour from South Dakota, Pierre and to Mount Rushmore - Essay Example The bus trip set off from South Dakota. Driving along the main road in South Dakota graced the cruise with the beautiful scenery of the Mythic Mount Rushmore. Driving across South Dakota to its outskirts covered over 200 miles across what was nothing less than jaw-dropping and cool scenery. The day-long drive took us to Pierre. As the bus cruised in the main road, we ogled at the beautiful sight of the mountain ranges cascading over each other, throughout the entire stretch. The green leafy vegetation and forest overgrowth complemented the beauty of the mountains and serve as homes of reindeers which occasionally leaped out and into the road. We could not be any closer to nature and its captivating beauty. In instances where the manmade activities interfered with the end trail of natural vegetation, we cited an array of dining joints, small-scale and large-scale casino saloons and lodging which testified of the industriousness of the people of South Dakota. From Pierre, we followed the US Route 83 to get across the Missouri River. As we turned westwards, the striking beauty of grasslands that accompanied us to Interstate 90 appeared to dance beautifully against the gentle breeze. From this juncture, we turned off to Murdo for tantalizing buffalo burgers. From Murdo, we drove to the Badlands National Park. One of the most memorable encounters in Badlands National Park was the dusty canyons therein. The Rapid City for dead American presidents also clearly served as another feather in Badlands National Park’s cap. The images of the dead American presidents are carved into the Black Hills and its high aesthetic presentation of America’s four great men and founding fathers served as the trip’s denouement.  Ã‚