Guitars: the History, Types, and Influence

Ariana Kecskes Mrs. Densmore face 9/10 March 11, 2013 Guitars Guitars gravel been around since the Renaissance. In the fresh 1400s, the classical guitar was created. This instrument was known as an outcast, never existence played in concerts. Later on, the Spanish guitar was created the early versions of this were known to have a unique sting layout because they had four sets of two strings. In the 1500s a fifth set of strings were added to this guitar.Well into the 1500s, the guitar began to be played in performances. This made guitars more famous, and caused better and improved designs to be made. Many lot began to play the guitar, including Benjamin Franklin and Andrew Jackson. Fin on the wholey, in the 1850s the modern design for an acoustic guitar was made by C. F. Martin. In the 1800s, many modern design of guitars evolved from the Italian and French models. People invented new techniques of playing the guitar including, playing and tuning all at once.In the late 1800s, O rville Gibson began building arch top guitars. Over 78 thousand guitars were made in the year, 1900. The 20th century was a really prosperous time for the guitar. Manufacturers began making steel-stringed guitars which are popular today. In 1931, the commencement exercise electric guitar was created they called it The Frying Pan, due to its round shape. However, electric guitars were not popular until 1936, when Gibson made a famous electric model, the ES-150.Later on, guitar crafters made the unassailable Body Guitar, because of bad reports on their previous models. Fender created The Broadcaster in 1949, which was the first largely produced guitar. In 1952, Gibson created the popular Les Paul. Fender and Gibson twain went on creating guitars almost as in a competition. By the 1960s, the guitar was in full matured. Gibson produced another electric guitar model in 1961, the ES-335. This was a semi-hollow body guitar.. The Strat and the SG were in truth popular guitars, especial ly in the 1960s.

Personal Networking

Personal communicateing is a c one clippt that has gained much relevance overtime it has especially been advanced by capitalism in that manhood tends to utilize labor from otherwise as intumesce as resources at his / her disposal to make ends meet. In the process it hold ups important that whiz inherent often rely on peers and acquaintances in order to be self-made in twain social economic bena as head as political arena. Although the term is controversial as at is mysterious, many a nonher(prenominal) explanations shit surfaced.For instance there are those who argue that networking is morally terms for it leads to marginalization or at least exemplifies it. In that regard those who find that view are opposed to networking concept mainly beca phthisis it puts some population at disadvantage and this leads to inequality. For an instance in highly unprofessional commerce environments, trick advertisements are not done appropriately. Therefore getting diligent in such an environment requires one to have access to insider reading on the company. This comes in the form of how networked one is.Networking merely refers to endless efforts of that are put to get connected or make connections for as to ease changes with other people or pedigree. It actually involves knowing people as other telephone linees. It in addition entails developing conversation process with these people and straines. The discourse involved here should be critical and of the accepted language that is ingratiatory and attracting should be encouraged. This attracts much people who in this are the customers as well as promoting god relationship with other condescension organizationes sometimes that leads to increase in net and consequently mastery of the business.Networking involves exchanging, moveing and exchanging ideas or referrals, which it demands that trust must be, nominate between or among the involved parties. Networking is done anywhere for instance when tug people meet at a certain place they scum bag decide to exchange their business cards. This piece of tail withal happen to more than two people and it is real help full since in effort one of them lands on to a job he/she sack contact the others. whence e networking is a truly highly appreciated execute since it cornerstone alter these living standards.Networking is done al the time and is real essential especially when a immaturely established business is in subscribe to for a immediate growth and success. It should network with the other businesses. The managers should network with those of other businesses so that they stand in a position of acquiring ideas that tummy help them ca phthisis tremendous growth to their businesses whenever they apply them. It should also explore to network with customers, offering quick and standard services so that the customers rest period assures and trust the business in all its endeavorsThis result lead to customers re commending the business, which is simply networking. Through giving recommendations on the well services offered by the business, the customers will have networked with the business and more customers will chip in to put on from the services. This way, the business will attain a fast growth since profits will be high. Networking is very(prenominal)(prenominal) important also for individuals who are industrious in readiness of quality products or those who are involved in doing quality work.If these people really want success in their undertakings, they should interact with other people and give out their products. They will also in return get a lot of positive recommendations or documentation from the people and this is all what networking entails. Personal networking entails Personal networking is very important and provide even help someone in finding a new job. As long as one has quality performance, one moreover need to reach out for those people who are in the highest r anks in the job and this will encapable the person get a job easily.In order to network, one needs to know sort of a lot of people, as well as establishing relationships with new people Businesses that coif networking establish very good relationship with the customers as well as the employers. Through networking, the businesses are able to reveal the services that they offer to their customers as well as how it operates. A good relationship between the business and the customers is established and this leads to fast growth of the business (Blyler, & Roundy,1993).Through networking also, businesses are able to open up their suppliers and if for example the business is unstable, a consensus may be reached for the supplier to be collecting their dues after an agreed period of tie. This promotes fast growth of the business. Every business organization should have a well-established talk order for it to experience success. Communication is a very important motherfucker in business since it is only through communicating that the business cigarette access its suppliers as well as other business counterparts.It is also important since it helps the business to pass knowledge to its customers for example information slightly change of location, change in costs, or even introduction of a new property or service in the business. There quite different orders of communication in any business organization. These may take (a) indite method of communication This is a method of communication that enjoyments garner to pass information. It is useful especially for the deaf or those people who have hearing problems, though they can still use sign language.Written method of communication is effective since the message is conveyed very fast once it is read by a few people. Written method or simply use of letters can be essential both for internal communication as well as external communication. They can be used to communicate to workers on pay rises, disciplinary meas ures as well as promotions. They can also include use of plats that this most(prenominal)ly depends on the nature of the message. This method of communication is cheap since no electronics are used moreover, there is a record kept for file name extension purposes.It also contains a lot of information especially when use of figures is practiced. However, create verbally method of communication can be sometimes unreliable since it can be distorted or get lost. There is also supposition of not reaching the addressed people and can also be inconvenient method especially when the information to be communicated is urgent. This is due to the item it takes quite a lot of time to construct the letters. There is no evidence whether the message has been delivered and received by the concern people unless the concerned provides feedback.Additionally, the indite form of communication a lot uncertainties since in case of wrong information, the recipients reply to it as it is. (b) Visual m ethod of communication gibe to, Spitzberg, and Cupach. (1984). This also keeps workers informed on what is going on within the business enterprise. It mainly consists of picture accompanied by text. The picture or diagram has a meaning that is intended to pass across. This method of communication is very time consuming especially in drawing the pictures and the diagrams.Wrong information is potential to be passed to the concerned people, for example where the person drawing the pictures is not well conversant with relating the intended message to be communicated and the picture to tally this. However, if the pictures are kept attractive and eye catching, (Asante, & Gudykunst, 1989) they tend to draw management of many people and if the message is well depicted in the pictures, past many people receives it. c) High tech method of communication. This simply refers to use of electronic communication, such as computers, televised pictures, e-mails, telephones as well as telex.It is a method that has facilitated communication process in terms of speed and reliance. For instance, use of e-mails in businesses for communicating takes a very short period of time and it is very reliable since an assurance that the intended recipients get the information is created. This method of communication is also used to reach people who are very far for example outside the country since there is a provision for Wide Area Network (WAN). This leads to attraction of customers from far and wide, who get to network with the business and hence success is achieved.In addition, accuracy is a very important element that is also achieved through use of this method as well as provision of immediate feedback. However, this method of communication is very expensive, for instance, it costs the business enterprise a lot of resources to buy computers, visual display unit screens as well as fixing telephones and telephone lines. Leiss, (1990) states that effective communication is the key fact or that enhances administrative function. Effective communication simply refers to temporary of the required messages to the intended recipients and ensuring that the messages reach the bumed people who are the recipients.It also entails use of the right communication channels that ensures which ensures that all the recipients have got the message as well as using the correct and the right language, which ought to be well-behaved in passing messages. Administration is a very important practice in any business organization since it is through it that a nonbelligerent working environment as well as an organized streamlet of the organization is achieved. For the administrative functions to be satisfactorily met, effective communication should be encouraged. Guidelines to effective communication includeThe urgency of the message to be communicated should be considered so as to be able to choose the effective method of communication. Here, very urgent messages should be communicated through High tech methods part those which are not urgent can be communicated through indite methods. In order to communicate effectively, the administration also should consider the target or rather the audience. If for example, the target recipients of the message are deaf people, thence the best methods of communications to be used are visual and written methods.Using oral communication in this scenario hinders communication and this leads to communication barrier, something that affects the business negatively leading to its collapse or losses. Effective communication is also achieved through realization and consideration of the other peoples interests, determine as well as respect for their well being. This means that, no messages that demand people to do things that they cannot afford or are beyond their capabilities should be conveyed to the people(Stocklmayer, Gore, & Bryant, 2001).Effective communication should also put into considerations the time when the message is b eing conveyed to the recipients. For instance, Messages that come from the administration at the closing hour of the business when most of the workers are in a rush to reach their individual homes or attend to other duties are most likely not to be given the required attention (Allen, 1987). This then leads to poor combine of messages within the hierarchy. However, messages that are released or passed to the recipients in the morning hours are likely to draw quite a lot of attention from the recipients.This leads to a very nice flow of information and the overall result is success to the business since coordination will be maintained. Conclusion. Personal networking is very useful and important. It is one of the most attributes that a person can use to reach higher levels of success for example when one secures a good job through his efforts in meeting and making new friends. Networking is also very essential in business for it is only the way through which the businesses get to b e cognise by quite a lot of people who also become the customers and this translates to success.

Irobot – Technology Taking over Humanity

Robot engine room Taking over Hu art objectity Technology Is taking over valet de chambreity. This phrase Is being proven more than and more as engine room develops and the old age go by. It is more deeply shown through the picture show, Robot. The main message of this movie is to show how our smart set can change to be altogether dependent on technology if we keep on improving it in many distinguishable shipway such as robotic body parts, robotic systems and robots to do e truly solar day work for humans. The advances In technology ar amazing to some extent and are all changing owe we humans live and really, are saving lives.Many years ago, you didnt hear many people getting metal hip replacements, or any other body part replaced by some man made machine or object. Its becoming a common liaison to sustain to give up on the body and rely on machine. As this progresses, eventually humans entrust continue to be sufficient to replace body parts and essentially, exte nd the spirittime of a human being and could be considered robots. Humans currently rely on respectful robotic parts to fix up parts of their bodies which are not functional to the right potential.To fix the different senses such as hearing, doctors surgically infix an electric subterfuge that provides a sense of sound to a individual which is profoundly deaf. A visual prosthesis is a visual device intended to restore functional vision in those suffering from partial derivative or total blindness. Robotics are used to transplant living cells, tissues or organs from human to human or human to animal or vice versa. Many concerns may come with this such as the transferring different diseases or possibly the failure of organ transplant. Diseases are ore common In semitransparent.Semitransparent Is the transplanting of body parts from animal to human or vice verses. Alternations is slight risky as it is the transplanting of body parts to and from the same species. organ farming or harvesting refers to the removal, preservation and use of human organs or tissues from the recently deceased to the living. This way of saving peoples lives has become very common especially in the past few years. Even though all these replacements of body parts and systems are available to all people, the prices are ere costly therefore it is out of reach for many people who do not use up the money for It.It may be saving peoples lives tho not for all. If we think about it, the only part of our bodies that would be very hard to imitate and create as a machine would be the brain. It is also the last piece of our bodies separating humans from being completely a robot. As technology progresses, it will be possible to create something that Is a saveting to the way a brain operates. All this Is present In the movie of Robot. We can clearly see that robots have taken 1 rack up ever the humans lives in the movie and that we soon eventually will become like that without help.The re lationship between our life and the Robot life is shown through the way robots have been made adapted to our every need. With the robots exist we are able to take their functions and make them our own, to help us when we are in need. Piece by piece, soon the human body completely will become machine functioned. The advantages to having these robotic replacements are that humans will have a endless life expectancy. This is also a downside as it is vie with the way life is opposed to be.Another advantage is that it would save lives. There are so many people out there waiting for transplants but if technology eventually got to a point where body parts and springy organs were being made we would be blessed with a longer life. The downsides of robotic replacements are that computers are easily hacked. If humans become partially robotic or even fully robotic we may be hacked, taking over our bodies and mind, commanding every move. Also, humans werent made to improve upon the bodies t hat we were given.Overall technology has helped humans so far by saving lives with robotic replacement or transplanting of cells, tissues or organs. Where it goes from here may change the world drastically. This is why the phrase Technology is taking over humanity is becoming real. Soon we will become a robotic world where all we do is through robotics whether it is to help us speed up or improve our bodies or help us in day to day activities, where we all are partially if not fully robotic and where we have completely lost our humanity through machine and technology development.

A Life in the Day Of Sting Essay

I found the hustle expression to be extremely intriguing as how a superstar desire himself could be so normal and down-to-Earth.The content of the first paragraph explains how Sting grew up with some background information about his father, his beliefs and his common habits. The second paragraph however tells of Stings feelings and loves. How he loves and misses his family, when hes away on tour or theyre away. As the schoolbook goes on it gabbles about his work life and how he manages to dungeon on top of it, it says how he has to leave his family to go for interviews or talk showse.g. The Des OConnor Show. He talks of the guilt and retirement he suffers from when hes away from the family for so long. Then he tells of his fatherhood and how he sees himself to be as a father and how he get bys his children.The article also explains of how Sting is thankful and grateful of his fame, his fortune and his estates, how hed feel about having to give them up. It also says what Sting would revision about his life if he could, for instance how hed treat his mum and dad differently now that he knows what mistakes hes made.My Conclusion of the TextThis article has touched on near nice every aspect of how Sting thinks, feels, lives and loves. It touches how he grew up where he grew up and what it was standardised growing up for him. It tells of the every day routines Sting has got into like doing his yoga before breakfast and why sting doesnt agree with wear deodorant because he doesnt want to be labelled as a product

Cholesterol Research Paper

By Diana Rivera cholesterol is a dipper, soft substance found in all of your organic structure. The organic structure needs it to work properly such as holding cells in concert and to also make hormones such as estrogen, raiseosterone, cortisol, vitamin D, and substances to help you digest nutrients. They body actually makes most of what it needs in the liver and the rest comes from food you eat such as meats, fish, eggs, butter, and upstanding milk. Bad cholesterol is considered when also much cholesterol circulates in the blood, it slowly builds up in the in varianceal walls of the arteries which feeds the brain and heart.This can cause plaque when it comes to fuck offher with another(prenominal) substances do it less flexible and narrowing the artery. If a clot is forms in a narrow artery this can cause a heart dishonour or stroke. The skillful cholesterol acts like scavengers in your body by picking up any excessive cholesterol and taking it nates to the liver. Hav ing high levels of good cholesterol also prevents you from having heart attack. When blood is salt away(p) the test tube is then placed in a centrifuge, which separates the whole blood from the blood plasma.The blood cell settles at the bottom of the test tube, and the plasma spins to the top, if cholesterol is detected you will see a fatty, thick substance, this test will be considered a qualitative test. There is a renewal of factors that can influence blood cholesterol levels which include your diet, weight, exercise, age and gender, diabetes, genetic endowment and certain medications or medical conditions. Cholesterol cant be dissolved in the blood they have to be transported to and from the cells by peculiar(a) carriers called lipoprotein.There atomic number 18 two graphic symbols of lipoprotein one of them is the Low-Density Lipoproteins which are known as the bad cholesterol that a physician will advise you to lionise low. When low-density lipoprotein is at a high lev el it combines with other substances and form plaque in your arteries. This will slow your blood flow to heart, brain, and other organs in your body which can cause blood clots. The arrange for low-density lipoprotein is more than 100 and border risk line is one hundred thirty and more than 190.Our body also has high-density lipoprotein which is good cholesterol our body produces for our protection. They get their name because they are thought to carry excess cholesterol away from arteries to the liver, which the body can eliminate. Those who have higher levels of HDL have fewer problems with cardiovascular disease, while other with lower levels has increased for heart disease. few things you can do if your HDL is low are aerobic exercise, recant smoking and having a good healthy weight.Triglycerides are a type of lipid found in the bloods which are used as a source of energy after being converted by the liver. They are the end product of digesting and breaking down fats in meal s. Triglycerides is developed from fatty acids found in foods and they are transported by the LDL. Normal levels are to a lower place 150, levels of 200 are high. Over all maintain a good healthy lifestyle can help you balance your cholesterol and expurgate your risk for heart disease or even a stroke. many a(prenominal) people have dealt with having chronic high blood cholesterol levels.

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Essay

Many pot argon affected by genic disorders e very(prenominal) day. Abnormalities in ones DNA be what ground a genetic disorder. These disorders could be as little as a version in a single gene. In a nonher case, they could be as severe as having an extra chromosome, or taking apart a chromosome. Genetic disorders are present from birth, but they may non be visibly seen until a later age. Some mutations could be heritable, or from your parents genes. Some forms of cancer can be inherited form a parent. Although, in most cases, these mutations are new changes to the DNA.All humans acquit the same basic set of genes. This means that everyone has the probability that they could get a genetic disorder. The thing that makes us different is the genetic sequence. thither are many different types of genetic disorders. A few of them are Angleman syndrome, Hemophilia, Sickle-cell disease, Neurofibromatosis, Cri du chat, and atomic reactor syndrome. People are born with these diseases and have to face many challenges every day to live with these genetic mutations. This essay is going to particular(prenominal)ally acme one genetic disorder called Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, also cognise as Lou Gehrigs disease, is a genetic disorder that occurs in the neuronal system. Each word in ALS briefly describes what the disorder is. Amyotrophic has devil parts to it. The prefix amyo means muscular atrophy. Atrophy means to hazardous away, typically due to the degeneration of cells. The suffix trophic means that it is relating to feeding and nutrition. So to sum it up, amyotrophic means that the muscles have lost their nourishment. Lateral ordinarily means the side of something. In this case, it means that the mutation is affecting the sides of the sticker.The sides of the spine are where the nerves that nourish the muscles can be found. Sclerosis is the abnormal hardening of body tissue. In this case its referring to how the mutat ed part of the spinal corduroy develops hardened or scarred tissue, in place of healthy nerves. The mutation damages nerve cells in the brain and the spinal cord. The damage caused by it, most of the time, leads to ones death. After motor neurons die, the brain is otiose to control muscle movement, and the victim be beats paralyzed. It targets the motor neurons that allow you to make voluntary movements and it effects your muscle strength.Voluntary movements are movements in which you control. These are movements that claim you to think ab let on the action in order for it to happen. For example, lifting you leg to clap a ball is a voluntary action. Involuntary actions do not require any thinking and some happen automatically, such as your heart beating, or breathing. thither are many symptoms in that come along with ALS. Most of the symptoms do not occur unless people click the age of 50. Although there have been some cases, where the symptoms occur in jr. people.According to some studies, the first two muscles that are most often affected are the muscles that allow you to swallow and breathe. in that location can be many noticeable symptoms because your muscles get weaker. You may notice an increase in gagging, drooling, and choking. You may feel that you cannot lift your head up, because your neck muscles are weak. There are many physical tests that can be given to fire to diagnose Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Certain physical tests could show muscle flunk in certain areas, weird walk or posture, and abnormal reflexes.There are tests that can be used to diagnose ALS. One rule is taking a blood test, so that the doctors can rule out any other possible disease that it could be. Victims can also put one over a spinal tap, a MRI, or purge a family terra firma check to see if there is any history of ALS in the family. There is one major problem with Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Scientists and doctors have tranquillize not been able to find a p ermanent treatment for it. Although there is one medicine called riluzole that can slow down the symptoms, giving victims overnight to live.Physical therapy and the use of braces, are non-medicinal ways of helping with the muscle weakness. There are many medications that can be used to help with specific symptoms of ALS. Since choking is common in someone with ALS, most people are hooked up to a tube and are fed by means of it. This is called a gastrostomy. A gastrostomy is when they make an opening in the stomach from the group AB wall so they can put in food. This is obviously a surgical procedure. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is named after Lou Gehrig, who was a famous baseball game player in 1930s.The French refer to it as Maladie de Charcot because the first enter of ALS was in 1869 by a French doctor named Jean-Martin Charcot. Stephen vend is one of the more famous people with ALS. He has had ALS since the scraping of his adult life, and he has been living with it for more than 50 years. Most people die from it three to five years after the symptoms become noticeable. This is why Stephen Hawkings case is very special. It was just after his 21 birthday when he found out something was wrong. Yet he is notwithstanding living and doing the most he can with his life. For example, being one of the smartest people on earth.People that live with ALS every day. Once the symptoms get off the ground to show, and or get serious, they are unable to care for themselves. They are ordinarily taken care of by a family member or even a close friend. In some serious cases, victims must ride out at the hospital because they are unable to eat and function without aesculapian assistance. As mentioned previously, the victims sometimes have to be fed through a tube because they are unable to chew. Living with ALS is a very hard thing to do. Its hard for the family members, friends, doctors, and most importantly, the victim.

Transportation in the Philippines

About 14 percent of the 158,810 km (98,110 mi) of roads in the Philippines are surface, this is in spite of the demanding mountainous terrain. In Metro manilla, in that location are many modes of fare accessible. Buses, jeepneys, LRT, and taxis are readily available for use in getting more or less the city. Buses are available with air-conditioning or without. The price for riding in air-conditioning is almost double what you would pay for riding without and use certain main routes. at that place are also charter bus lines available for those wanting to travel outside capital of the Philippines.The most popular mode of transportation in Manila is the jeepney. As the name implies, it is basically a colorful jeep that looks manage those used by the Americans during World War II. They have regular stops, as do buses, but will also stop if they are flagged down. Taxis are air-conditioned and can be found practically anywhere in Manila. On occasion a driver will say his amou nt is broken, if so, traveler beware It is time to get out and find some other taxi, as you will probably get overcharged by this scam.If a person traveling to the Philippines wishes to travel by car, but not in a taxi, they can rent a car, but need to have a valid international drivers license. For travelers staying in deluxe hotels, many offer limousine services. The LRT (Light Rail Transit) is the best way to get downtown and get somewhat in Manila. Its relatively inexpensive and is very fast. In addition, the PRN (Philippine guinea pig Railways), which run by the state, is also an option for those traveling out of Manila. railroad tracks cover roughly 1,060 km (660 mi) of the Philippines, and is limited due to its being generally on Luzon.An option for traveling between the islands is to use ferries. For travelers not neediness to be on water, airline travel is another option since there are over 40 major(ip) provincial airports. The Ninoy Aquino International drome ( NAIA) is just a kilometer from the Manila Domestic Airport and is about 7 miles from the center of Manila. NAIA also has many amenities from a medical exam clinic to banks and postal service in addition to duty-free shops, souvenir shops, holidaymaker information centers and more.The airport in Cebu, Mactan International Airport (MIA), is about 45 minutes from the citys center and has duty-free shops, tourist information centers like the major airports in Manila. Roughly a fourth of the airports in the Philippines have paved runways out of 262 airports, 75 runways are paved. PAL, the Philippines Airlines, is the national air carrier and serves Manila with links to 12 cities in 7 countries. It also has daily routes to 17 local cities. Major airlines from other countries also serve Manila.In addition, Cebu has contract flights from Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore. For chartered travel to smaller locations, there are several carriers available Cebu Pacific, Asian Spirits, Mindanao Express Airlines, and SEAir, Incorporated. Cruise ships are served by Manila, with inter-island ships connecting Manila to other major island ports. The busiest seaports are Manila, Cebu, Iloilo, Davao, Cagayan de Oro and Zamboanga which are a part of the 3,219 km of waterways and seaports.

My Left Foot Review Essay

My Left tail Film Review My Left foot is the true story of a young boy called Christy Brown, played by Hugh OConnor and Daniel Day-Lewis, Christy is born into a poor working rank family in Dublin, Ireland, with a physically change condition known as cerebral palsy. Considered a vegetable and victimisation his only functional limb(his left foot) Christy becomes a real successful writer and artist with the help of his strong willed mother and teacher.I personally really enjoyed this ? lm, I liked the elbow room it was site in Ireland during a snip where religion ruled society. Almost every family in Ireland had their lives run in the way of the church, the cardinal sins were almost like laws, and were obeyed better than real laws. We hit this when christys mother ? nds the un-godly magazine under Christy in his wheel barrow. Society was set in stone and zero tried to better themselves.The sons and daughters of every family followed in their fathers or mothers footsteps. Every body had their place in society the top(prenominal) class lived to work, so as to make themselves richer and richer where as the lower class worked to live, so they could get by in life. Christy however was an acception to this, he bettered him self-importance in society by becoming an achieved artist and writer, and this allowed him to break the form and become something nobody thought he could ever be.I assemble my Left Foot quite inspiring because of Christys achievements, it shows that theres always a way to be something that you motive to be even if the odds arent in your favor It also shows that if someone beleves in you, you can go very far in life, just like christys mother beleived in him when nobody else did. I loved Daniel Day-Lewis in this movie because of his spectacular interpretation of the malady cerebral palsy, as you can imagine playing the role of a handicapped man must have been quite challenging notwithstanding Lewis managed to pull it off.My only dislike about the ? lm is that I matt-up it was a ? lm that I could only watch once, because the ? lm deals with such(prenominal) a serious matter I feel that its not something Id want to view again. I thought the setting, along with the costumes and props were very complete in picturing life in the 1930s and 40s, the houses and neighbour-hood was only what you would expect it to be like as well as the trust and beleifs of the community.

Film Reveiew – American Beauty

I chose this image due to its difference to conventional take aimmaking, as instead of glorifying the chief(prenominal) characters, the ara and speckle, it shows fault and illustrates the main characters as no-good and unhappy. I chose to do this review on the opening minutes of the film describing in detail the photographic camera slams and eyepatch, as it would seem to the viewer reflexion for the prime(prenominal) time.The opening injection is a medium shot of the main characters daughter lying on a bed public lecture. The screen is fuzzy, to strain the impression of looking through a video camera. The daughter is talking to someone behind the camera, giving the impression of talking to the viewer or earreach. She is talking about how much she dislikes and hates her father (Lester, the main character). This gives the impression of watching a personal film and the viewer is involved, as it appears at commencement ceremony that the character is talking to the audie nce until the hidden person filming speaks. The word picture ends when the character behind the camera offers to kill the girls father. The screen goes blank and the film title appears in medium red print on a slow background, central to the screen. This sudden change from shot is to represent the plot to end a animateness, as the transition to a blank black screen.The abutting shot after the title is a top shot of a typical suburban American street on a slow zoom in towards the road. There is a narrative, male vowel system everywhere of the main character Lester, describing his death. This would appear to fit with the previous scene of the daughter talking about murdering her father This creates a feeling of specialty and suspense end-to-end the film, for the viewer, who is waiting to see what could have created such a gap between father and daughter. This effect of giving away the finis in the first scene is very effective in creating everlasting suspense end-to-end the film up to the dramatic climax. It has been used in many films and plays including William Shakespeares play Romeo and Juliet.Gradually when the camera zooms in the shot switches to a birds eye view of the main character lying in his bed, alone. This first shot of him shows him as lonely or incomplete even though he has a family. The camera thence changes to a close up of his face, which appears sad and disorientated, further showing his dislike for his current life style. There is then a jump cut to a pair of slippers on the news report next to the bed, beingfilmed from under the bed.This shot represents an ordered and schedule lifestyleas the slippers must have been placed neatly next to the bed the previous night. The next frame switches to a medium recollective shot of the main character (Lester) masturbating in the shower. The effect of this is to shock the audience further at the same time inspire pity at his frustrated and dull life as he continues to narrate over the fi lm about himself, showing little embarrassment.The next scene is a close up of a Rose flower, which is then cut from the be by a pair of pruning sheers. The Rose is constantly seen throughout the film, as well as rose petals, however rarely alive. They are usually in vases or on show. The roses, I feel, represent the lifestyle of the family. The rose looks perfect and appears very beautiful however it is dead. The family are similar, as they appear to have everything most people want, their health, nice house, money yet they are not happy. The roses are a constant theme throughout the film, I feel to remind us of the families unhappiness. The next frame sees the camera switch to a medium long shot of Carolyn (the main characters wife) guardianship the freshly cut rose in her hand. This shot represents that she too was erstwhile alive but is now dying inside like the rose.all(a) in all I found this film extremely evoke and thought provoking, I would recommend it to anybody who en joys twisting plots, amazing acting and some of the most brilliant (and strange) characters in modern day cinema. The slow unravelling of the plot keeps you guessing until the very end of the film, as well as ambitious modern day society and depicting modern day family life and the hypocrisy of Suburban America.

Organizational Behavior: Chapter 17, Notes

Institutionalization A condition that occurs when an arranging takes ona life of its own, apart from any of its members, and acquires immortality. When an arrangement becomes institutionalized, it takes on a life of its own, apart from its founders or any of its members. When an organization becomes institutionalized, it becomes valued for itself, not merely for the goods or services it produces. It acquires immortality. If its original goals ar no longer relevant, it doesnt go out of business. Rather, it redefines itself.Institutionalization operates to produce putting green dreads among members about what is appropriate and, fundamentally, meaningful behavior. 3 So when an organization takes on institutional permanence, acceptable modes of behavior become largely self-evident to its members. As well see, this is essentially the same thing that organizational cultivation does. So an understanding of what makes up an organizations culture and how it is created, sustained, and l earned will rise our ability to explain and predict the behavior of people at work. rganizational culture A system of sh atomic number 18d meaning held by members that distinguishes the organization from former(a) organizations.There be seven primary characteristics that, in aggregate, capture the nerve center of an organizations culture 1. Innovation and risk taking. The pointedness to which employees are encouraged to be innovative and take risks. 2. Attention to detail. The percentage point to which employees are expected to exhibit precision, analysis, and attention to detail. 3. Outcome orientation. The degree to which management focuses on results or outcomes sort of than on the techniques and processes used to achieve those outcomes. 4. People orientation. The degree to which management decisions take into consideration the effect of outcomes on people deep down the organization. 5. Team orientation. The degree to which work activities are organized around teams rather than individuals. 6. Aggressiveness. The degree to which people are aggressive and competitive rather than easygoing. 7. Stability. The degree to which organizational activities emphasize maintaining the status quo in contrast to growth.

Joints and Body Movements

Joints and soundbox Movements Laszlo Vass, Ed. D. Version 42-0014-00-01 Purpose What is the purpose of this exercise? In this exercise I eitherow for exam how gos function and thereby discover how they provide for straw man in the body. Joints argon where two fig out come together. The junctions hold the wads together and allow for purport of the skeleton. All of the chock ups, except the hyoid bone in the neck, make water a joint. Joints argon often categorized by the get of trend they allow. Some of the joints be fixed, like those in the skull, allow for no get goingment.Other joints, like those among the vertebrae of the spine, allow for some movement. Most of the joints argon free moving synovial joints. In this exercise I go away exam how joints function and thereby discover how they allow for movement in the body. Are there any synthetic rubberty concerns associated with this exercise? If so, list what they are and what precautions should be taken. Basic lab precautions, including keep a clean workspace and process your hand when dealing with raw poultry. In order to ensure that this occurs layout the equipment forward in a clean sterile environment and follow safe work practices. reckon 1 Questions A. As you observe the skull, explain how the structure of the surgical seams amid the cranial bones is related to the overall function of the cranium. Childrens heads unavoidably to squeeze with the birth heapal during delivery, humans during infancy wipe out evolved with a soft skull composed of many different bony plates that tack at regions called cranial sutures. These sutures also allow the skull to grow rapidly during the start-off year of life, at which time the bones start to slowly primer together. This allows the skull to continue to protect the skull during early development.B. Why are synarthroses an important office of fibrous joints? These joints are weight bearing and the joints provide stability and cushioning . Synarthrotic joint is to provide a stable union between bony surfaces. The suture and synchondrosis actually become more than stable when ossification of the joint takes place. serve 2 Questions A. gristly joints exhibit amphiarthroses. Why is this important? Amphiarthroses provides an articulation between bony surfaces that permits limited motion and is connected by ligaments or lively gristle, such as that between the vertebrae.B. Structurally, how are cartilaginous joints similar? Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage. Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than a fibrous joint except less than the highly restless synovial joint. Cartilaginous joints also form the growth regions of immature long bones and the intervertebral discs of the spinal column. Exercise 3 Questions A. Which type of synovial joint has the least amount of movement? Plane joints permit sliding or go movements in the mo nononic of articular surfaces.The opposed su rfaces of the bones are flat or well-nigh fat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules. B. Why are diarthroses important for synovial joints? Diarthrosis permits a variety of movements. All diarthrosis joints are synovial joints and the terms diarthrosis and synovial joint are considered equivalent. C. Which synovial joint is most movable? A ball and socket joint is a joint in which the distal bone is capable of motion around an indefinite number of axes, which have one common center.It enables the bone to move in a 360 angle. D. What are the four structural characteristics that all synovial joints share? Synovial joints all have synovial fluid, articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, capsular ligaments, blood vessels, and sensory nerves. Exercise 4 Questions A. Which of the body movements was the most difficult to perform? Why? Inversion which is a gliding joint and provides little movement. B. Hinge joints like the elbow and knee joint have limited movement. Why are these types of joints more prone to wounding?Hinge joints in the elbow and knee contain a circularise of anatomical structures packed into a tiny space and when challenged with heavy and invariant use, it thus especially prone to injury and infection. C. When performing flexion on the arm, the biceps powerful tissue (on the anterior of the arm) contracts. What happens to the triceps pass (on the posterior of the arm) as this action is performed? As you perform flexion on your arm the triceps muscle relaxes. D. Both the shoulder joint and the hip are ball and socket joints. Why does the shoulder have a greater range of motion than the hip?The muscles and joints of the shoulder allow it to move through a remarkable range of motion, making it the most mobile joint in the human body. The shoulder can abduct, adduct rotate, be raised in front of and behind the torso and move through a full 360 in the sagittal plane. Exercise 5 Observations study your chicken wing Label the bones, muscles, tendons and joints. Exercise 5 Questions A. What effect depart the tearing of a tendon have on its corresponding muscle? The corresponding muscle will shrink due to the decreased action tendon. This is because when the tendon is torn the area around the tendon ill not be in very much use until the tendon is repaired which can take a good while unless professionally handled. The muscle will go back to its original size once the tendon heals and the muscle is used more. B. Why are ligaments harder to heal than tendons? Tendons heal faster than ligaments. The savvy is that tendons are connected to the muscle, which will allow them to receive a bigger blood flow. Ligaments are connected to bone which supplies less blood. Blood is the nominate -what carries nutrients in order to repair the tissue. C. Compare and contrast tendons and ligaments.Ligaments connect bone to bone and tendons connect bone to muscle. D. What is the function of fascia? It is responsi ble for maintaining structural, provides suffer and protection, and acts as a shock absorber. The function of muscle fasciae is to reduce clangor to minimize the reduction of muscular force. Fasciae a) depict a sliding and gliding environment for muscles. b)Suspend organs in their proper place. c) Transmit movement from muscles to bones, and d) Provide a supportive and movable wrapping for nerves and blood vessels as they pass through and between muscles. E.What effect would the loss of articular cartilage have on a joint, its bones and their corresponding muscles? It causes the breakdown of the cartilage in joints. It also called degenerative arthritis. Cartilage is the joints cushion. It covers the ends of bones and allows free movement. If it becomes rough, frays, or wears away, bones grind against each other. As a result, the joint becomes get to and inflamed. Sometimes the irritation causes abnormal bone growths, called spurs, which increase swelling. Conclusions Explain h ow skin, bones, and muscles are related to each other.Why is this relationship important to the understanding of the skeletal and muscular systems? Joints are where two bones come together. The joints hold the bones together and allow for movement of the skeleton. All of the bones, except the hyoid bone in the neck, form a joint. Joints are often categorized by the amount of motion they allow. Some of the joints are fixed, like those in the skull, allow for no movement. Other joints, like those between the vertebrae of the spine, allow for some movement. Most of the joints are free moving synovial joints

Sample Imc Plan

I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY This integrated mart nonplusing communication theory device out lineages communication tactics that go out be employ to raise cognisance & to introduce Azimuth Watch c altogetherer-outs spic-and-span thread of produces to the public. This IMC plan entrust be aimd to achieve the marketing communications objectives of this plan, as soundly as address some of the issues challenges surrounding the introduction success of this current range the beau monde by discussing key aras more(prenominal) as denounce positioning, pricing strategies handleing.II INTRODUCTION Azzimuth Watch Comp whatever strives to provide their customers with timeless pieces hemmed with neat detailed material bodys with excellent timberland to boot. Since its genssis in 2003, a hardly a(prenominal) crossroad lines hold in been released but the desired reception was unachieved. Azzimuth Watch Company has to be repositioned gulled in such a way that potential cu stomers ordain receive understand.By introducing the rear end marketing process various specific elements of which, such as the identifying of unfulf bronchiticed take aims, market segmentation, selection of a aspire market positioning, the examination of Azzimuth Watch Companys marketing process sack up be mould properly to identify how else to better its tarnishing effectiveness to eventually agree the goal of penetrating the market with desired results. As such, Azzimuth can dumbfound into a leading spot for its products, delivering effectively what they stomach planned. III political party PROFILEBased in capital of capital of Singapore since 2003, Azzimuth Watch Company has its products manufactured in Geneva, Switzerland. It was founded on the idea to design, manufacture & distribute a wide range of prime(a) wristwatches to complement any individuals selected lifestyle. Tied make fullly with what an azimuth is, it plays up to the concept in which it is used in many practical applications, such as astronomy, mapping navigation. Azzimuth is heavily influenced by science how it explains the way almost e actuallything in the world works, its aim is to produce wristwatches that atomic number 18 adapt commensurate to disparate cultures with the irm stand of science logic. Azzimuth represents a doctrine of the blending of science lifestyle-in many incompatible ways possible. IV. SITUATION ANALYSIS 4. 1 SWOT Analysis Strengths 1. still when company with unique philosophy of blending science lifestyle with timepieces. 2. Products are make in Switzerland. 3. varied offerings to diverse segments with a clear clip positioning 4. worldwide tie-ups with Tommy Hilfiger Weaknesses 1. Lack of huge media campaign even later on 8 years of its launch 2. Higher prices compared to describe deformitys uniform(p) Swatch or Casio. 3.Current survey reveal more center on expansion than property 4. brand equity is non created Opportunity 1 . Increase in posit for luxury goods in a fast-paced advancing country like Singapore 2. Presence of a monopoly, universe the first only Singapore based luxury watch company in this country. Threats 1. Premium international watch brands such as Citizen, Omega entered in Singapore. 2. Mobile phones acting as substitutes for watches. 3. As Singaporean market is widely open to importations, it testament be difficult for local players to maintain a sustainable growth. . customer satisfaction level below competitors 5. Expansive advertisements promotions done by competitors. 4. 2 Competitor Analysis Two such competitors that Azzimuth is facing are Citizen Omega. These 2 brands are well ben for universe a few of the worlds largest producers of watches. The Citizen Skyhawk A-T line of watches features Radio Controlled Time constraining. The watches can synchronize with radio clocks in Japan, coupling America, and Europe and willing automatically select the correct frequency for doing so based upon location of home time zone.Citizen watches in like manner incorporates the eco-drive technology which center that their watches will never require batteries. Omega overly has its reputation for having been NASAs excerption of watches was besides the first watch on the moon in 1969. It has also been the formal timekeeping device for the Olympic Games since 1932. A large number of celebrities boast also been endorsed by Omega, such as Daniel Craig, George Clooney, Zhang ZIyi Cindy Crawford. Both companies also rivet on manufacturing timepieces have managed to uncover various product ranges with a very wide product line choice.As such, what these companies have done for themselves grants them the warring avail over Azzimuth. 4. 3 Current Marketing What the marketing efforts of Azzimuth Watch Company are lacking of are a stronger character identicalness. Its current advertisement efforts lies only of print media on public spaces, such as sight s results, magazines newspapers. A few magazines have written print reviews or articles on Azzimuths products & the danger in such is that magazine publications function place their products neighboring to another competitors product. By doing so, consumers might tend to compare the products.The only few publications that have been ariseed for page space for Azzimuth are Style, 8 Days. I-Weekly The Newpaper. The limited core of advertising space may hinder Azzimuths original message from being brought across. By having only print advertisements, there is only so much of Azzimuths message that are revealed to consumers. A good written review might not be as believable if the companys identity & character is not made prominent & consumer sensory faculty is not high. 4. 4 Statement of Problems on that point are a lot of problems that Azzimuth is facing right now in respect to its marketing communication efforts.These problems hinder Azzimuth from excelling & becoming the ideal b rand that they wish due to the loopholes in their MC efforts. The few such problems are i) poor brand awareness ii)poor brand identity iii)heavy competition against other effected brands iv)poor marketing positioning Due to limited marketing efforts, Azzimuth is not able to raise its brand awareness. The poor placing of the brand (& in advertisements) also hinders potential target consumers from being exposed to their products. The brand itself is then ineffective to be prominent in the horology industry.When unable to position itself evidently in the horology industry & in consumers minds, Azzimuth then fails to achieve its desired goals, driving the company down an negative path. V. Marketing Objectives The few objectives that Azzimuth Watch Company is looking for to achieve are as follows i) Efficiently establishing a strong brand identity in the Singaporean market ii) Increasing brand awareness ii) Introduce new range of products efficiently in Singaporean market iv) Incorpor ate Corporate Social Responsibility v) Achieve sales of 12,000 units of new range of products within the year 2012If planned strategically marketing communications is utilised effectively, these objectives can be brought about. Current awareness of Azzimuth in Singapore is very low as it is not recognized easily consumers do not easily identify with the brand its products. When the brand awareness is raised, the join of sales profits will most definitely increase. On top of that, people will be able to recognise the brand, improving its reputation. A strong brand identity also allows for consumers to retain deem the brand credible.If Azzimuth succeeds in sending a strong visual message used throughout all their business enterprise marketing communications will keep them a step ahead of their competition. Having a consistent visual identity throughout all of their business marketing communications will have them at the forefront of existing potential consumers minds when th ey have a need for Azzimuths products or services. Stability can also be achieved if Azzimuth successfully develops a functional brand identity as it gives the impression that their business is dedicate to the horology industry that they serve.Essentially, the main marketing objective is to introduce position accurately the new range of Azzimuth products in the local market eventually jar against a sales figure of 12,000 timepieces in 2012. VI. STRATEGY IMPLEMENTATION The contemplated dodging for Azzimuth Watch Company is to put its marketing communications options to the best use by first effectively introducing implementing itself into the market, caving its position in the consumers minds, & finally, its new range of products. 6. 1 Target AudienceBy target audition profiling, it will religious service Azzimuth make better, more consistent costumer decisions about how to best market & sell. It also makes it possible for the staff to treat customers more consistently becau se everyone is working from the same comprehensive knowledge. When Azzimuth determines its target audience, it can scale their marketing communication efforts gum olibanum customise the mean message to their target audience effectively. The prime target audience of Azzimuth are the opulent individuals who afford & prefer to indulge in luxury products as a lifestyle choice.These individuals include working screen out females & males with an annual income ranging from S$80, 000 & above. An ideal advertising medium for this target audience would be the internet as these individuals are also busy professionals in their respective fields. Due to their hectic work & social schedules, it is not likely for them to pick up local lifestyle magazines that are catered for the average market. 6. 2 Brand Image & Positioning As a luxury watchmaker, Azzimuth faces blood-and-guts competition from other established watch brands such as Rolex, hang back Heuer, Swatch etc.By having a unique bran d movie, Azzimuth will be able to separate itself from other brand peers, hence establishing itself as a unique incision of the market. According to Jay Ehret (2009), brands are not concrete they are the thoughts, feelings & psychological relationships betwixt a business & a customer, & that a brand is the foundation of all its marketing activities. Branding serves as a internal compass of focus & that if a business is clearly branded, it has an understanding of what it is about. Over time, a stronger business identity will be built.Azzimuth can adopt the brand go out of a science logic. Despite close competitors having actual product lines with diametrical motivations & philosophies, Azzimuth can be the first brand that emphasises the simple but cardinal philosophy of how things can be easily explained with science & logic. Rather than sightly being a simple luxury brand, playing up to this philosophy gives consumers a chance to associate themselves with products derived f rom intellect. Consumers usually barter for products with their emotions, rather than logically.With a strong branding attribute, Azzimuth can position themselves as the distinctive watchmaker that provides consumers with a wide range of luxury products made of high quality with a unique philosophy, setting them apart from other watchmakers in the Singaporean market. 6. 3 New Products Azzimuths new range of products caters to the pivot in their target consumers, focusing on minimalistic designs, with the motivation being that individuals from all walks of life can opt for a luxurious yet simple timepiece that eludes style. 6. determine Stratergy The pricing schema for Azzimuths new range of products is Mazimum Market Skimming. In this approach whereby Azzimuth sets a high price for its new high-end product so to support maximum revenue from the market before substitute products appear. This pricing strategy is ideal as it complements the luxurious image of the brand as it is m arvellous for its target audience to prefer purchasing timepieces that are very meek priced. The high price will set it apart from its peers by delivering the image of a exceptional product.VII. Recommended IMC Strategy With proper planning in advertising, consumers will be able to perceive a brand positively. Azzimuth has to take a multi-pronged approach to their advertising methods for its brand name to be rooted in the consumers minds. The initial strategy is for Azzimuth to establish its brand identity, constitute its brand image finally, re-position themselves as a brand of luxury watches that are adaptable to different cultures with the firm basis of science logic.The proposed timeline for the execution of the recommended IMC strategy is 12 months, sunder into 3 phases. The first 4 months of the strategy will pay close attention to positioning the brand image in the hearts minds of consumers increase brand awareness. Starting with a series of print advertisments carefull y intentional to appeal to their needs wants, this first phases target is to re-position Azzimuth as a brand of timepieces with scientific philosophy & luxurious appeal.Concertedly with this launch of fresh print advertisements will be the implementation of product testimonials & placements. Celebrities like Beyonce will share their experiences on their preference for Azzimuths products, while the product will also be located carefully in the movie series Oceans Trilogy. Exposure of this product to millions of movie-watchers will ensure ample advertisement for it. The next trimester of the strategy will consist of a next series of print advertisements & TV commercials with similar outside print advertisements to follow.American actor & film producer Adrien Brody, who became the youngest actor to win the academy Award for Best Actor will be endorsed to portray Azzimuth as The Ideal Option for luxurious watches. Also included would be a TV commercial of Brody highlighting his pref erence for Azzimuths product range. Similarly, Brody will be featured in an exclusive interview on Azzimuths official webpage, speech production in-depth on his passion for exclusive luxury watches & the reason behind it & why Azzimuth is his ideal option. Finally, the last phase of this strategy traversing over 4 months ill involve the setting up of a segment on Azzimuths official website, educating potential watch- spoilers on what to look out for in their next purchase. A forum will also be set up singly for Azzimuth watch owners to share their product choices opinions. 7. 1 Broadcasting media Product attitude The Oceans Trilogy combines well-known elements from heist films & con artist films. Azzimuth will be able to increase its brand awareness by placing its brand in a highly popular movie that is watched by all ages & consumer groups worldwide. . 2 print Advertising Print Media Azzimuth is currently only utilising print media efforts in consume Publicity & technical rev iews. On top of the high possibility of its products being placed directly next to a competitors, these reviews are written from a third-person perspective may not be ample for consumers to be positive(p) to purchase Azzimuths products. Such reviews do not directly send the mean message to consumers, let alone communicate the brands identity image.The placement of their reviews are also only in lifestyle magazines that perhaps most established individuals do not peruse as they are used to their lifestyle whereby they peruse luxurious lifestyle magazines. Hence, Azzimuth Watch Company must design release a series of print advertisements on the correct admission to allow successful communications with their target audience. Fig 7 pic of new Azzimuth Print Advertisement The tagline Perfect Symmetry collates sends across the message of Azzimuths intended brand identity & image.The term symmetry implies Azzimuths new range of products whereby minimalism takes place heavily. 7. 3 Celebrity Endorsements Adrien Brody famous people eat, drink, travel, go shopping and generally behave like normal consumers, albeit ones with much greater spending power and the ability to influence the buying decisions of others simply by what they choose to buy for themselves. This aspirational effect, whereby people seek to emulate their favorite celebrities, presents a golden hazard for brands.Endorsing a celebrity provides two important things for Azzimuth Aspiration Credibility. In todays competitive marketplace, a perceived celebrity endorsement can give Azzimuth the product or service the instant recognition & legitimacy that would normally take years to earn. Adrien Brody has built a successful reputation for himself by being the youngest winner for an Academy Award for Best Actor & also the only American that has won a french Cesar Award. He has also made his debut as a runway model for Prada. IX. ConclusionIn todays fast-paced environment, companies have to pay specia l attention to how they communicate with their target consumer groups. Consumers have developed a need for knowledge information before a purchase this has become a necessary process as consumers desire to know they are making a well-informed purchase. Hence, it is vital to comprehend their target consumer groups completely. With this information, they can integrate a substantial suitable IMC plan to help companies branch out to their target audience be prepared for any consumer responses.

Are Marketers Responsible for the Use of Harmful Products in Society? Essay

Mattel Toys is currently in the process of withdrawing millions of toys released in the nutrient market following disclosures that the toys have substanti ein truth last(predicate)y high elements of lead in their paint. additional lead can be harmful if ingested by children and can compositors incident mental retardation, a fact that senior managers at Mattel would have been considerably aw atomic image 18 of. With the blame game on and Mattel managers assuming the role of head intenti atomic number 53d victims of callous suppliers, consumers can do little but wait for the following(a) big scandal.The Mattel incident is just another sordid episode in the history of marketers creation responsible for the use of harmful mathematical products in familiarity. Whilst many people consider ethical merchandise to be an oxymoron, at that place excessively exists a body of thinkers who feel that marketers contribute to social and economic development, atomic number 18 largely e thical and sell products that fulfil customer needs and are of use to society. The issue, enchantment discussed at great length by cable experts, social researchers and selling academics remains topical and an issue that is far from resolution.The impression of merged social responsibility (CSR) enjoins job firms to consider social and friendship interests by taking responsibility for the effect of their actions on customers, shareholders, the community, and the environment in all areas of work. This concept extends beyond the scope of existing legislation and encompasses unpaid actions to ensure well being and improvement of quality of life of all stakeholders and the community at large. Milton Friedman, as is well known, had something very different to say.In his words, In a free economy, there is one and and one social responsibility of business to use its resources to increase its profits as long as it stays within the rules of the game (Lantos, 2001, p 603) Friedm an goes on to emphasise few trends could so thoroughly undermine the very footing of our free society as the acceptance by incorporated officials of a social responsibility other than to make as frequently property for their stockholders as possible.This is a fundamentally subversive doctrine (Anderson, 1989, p. 3) Friedman is not completely in such thought processs and there appear to be a number of experts who share such views. Donaldson, for example states that corporate executives who do not desire profits above all else are irresponsible in playacting their functions. (Mascarenhas, 1995, p 46)Even while CSR is becoming a general enough expound on corporate websites, many corporations, as is evidenced by the Mattel theatrical role still firmly believe in Friedmans wisdom..Whilst the protection and advancement of customer interest is obviously among the foremost objectives of the CSR strategy of business corporations, corporate history is studded with scandals involvi ng company wrongdoing in areas of marketing, finance, tax evasion, environmental degradation, and community activity. CSR tenets demand firms to sell products that are, in the offset printing instance, safe and non harmful to consumers, the immediate community, the society at large and the environment, regardless of profitability considerations or perceived customer value.Notwithstanding the current obsession with CSR (evidenced among other things by the growing Fair Trade movement), history makes a strong case for its consistent and widespread denial by marketers and is replete with instances of companies not only introducing harmful goods in the market but likewise making toilsome efforts to ensure its widespread use and proliferation.Marketing has, during the past few decades bring the most critical function of the modern day corporation. Even as the constant practice of marketing strategy has led to the enormous expansion of businesses, a number of ethical issues have mani fested themselves in atomic number 74ern nations, first as general concerns, and later as clear enunciations by mixed experts. Most of these issues relate to the introduction and propagation of products that harm and disempower consumers and communities. Marketing activity, agree to these experts, can be damaging to the ain choice and autonomy of the buyer, manipulative of social value, and deceptive in its message.In an article on Is there much to Ethical Marketing than Marketing Ethics Michel Brennan (1991, p 10) argues that the last-ditch goal in a commercial venture is some take of profit achievement. The needs and wants of consumers as well as the wider concerns for their impact on society become relevant only to the extent of their effect on the profitability of the organisation. With marketers following this approach many inequities have crept into the practice of marketing.It is oddly seen to be biased against minorities like gays and ethnic groups, guilty of unethica l practices against the elderly, who are targeted with products related to time shares, and living trusts, exploitative of children, who are influenced at waxen stages to consume rheumy food and drinks, and buy undesirable fashion ware, disparaging towards women, who are used to elicit judgements on sexuality rather than product attributes, and cynically manipulative of the developing world, which is made the dumping ground for unnecessary, and a good deal harmful, goods.George Ritzer, in his celebrated book The McDonaldization of Society, (1993, p 37) illustrates in in writing(p) detail the all pervasive and malevolent impact that mass marketing can have on humankind. Ritzer argues that McDonaldization refers to a process wherein the principles of the fast-food industry, namely efficiency, predictability, calculability, and envision through engineering science are utilise to numerous sectors of society on a global basis.This process, while being immensely profitable to busi nesses, has the electromotive force to cause great harm to society. In McDonalds, customers entering fast food outlets are manipulated to pay for their food items before tasting them, collect their orders from common distribution points, choose from a restricted and unimaginative range of unhealthy and high calorie foods, sit on uncomfortable chairs, ( gum olibanum being urged to make off their food and vacate their places fast enough), and put their trays into the garbage on their direction out.Similar practices, with the help of mass advertising and focussed promotions, have enveloped and controlled society in numerous ways. A recent study on confectionary retailing and merchandising by revealed that merchandising decisions were driven more by issues like space maximisation, profitability and customer pressure rather than by social responsibility. (Piacentinin, MacFadyen and Eadie 2000, p 463)The role of advertising in marketing has as well as come under severe attack by crit ics who feel that several(prenominal) harmful values like conspicuous consumption, greed, envy, emulation and egotism-centredness, to name a few, get reinforced by advertising. Whilst reactions like these do carry elements of self righteous extremism, the argument that advertising can be more unruffled and less blatantly aggressive in promoting consumption, particularly for products that appear to be harmful to vulnerable segments of society, is also valid.Developments in technology, consumer response and behaviour, and marketing thought have led to the introduction of a number of variables that have altered both the practice of marketing and its perception in the eyes of practitioners, theoreticians and students. furtherance in communication and internet technology has created a proliferation of information and provided consumers with an phalanx of choices. Not all of these developments have been positive. Computer and electronic communication technology have made it possible for large organisations to capture and store personal and some times very private data, on huge scales, thus leading to intrusions into the personal space and security of individuals.Recent trends in the west have reflected the emergence of a different line of thinking, namely topographic pointmodernism, in most areas of human thought and endeavour. Whilst modern marketing thought, exemplified by the McDonaldized society, follows extols the transcendency of mechanised working, as well as extreme standardisation, and works on the achievement of progressive debasement of humans post modernism bewilders with its coterie of currents and styles, characterised by the juxtaposition of opposing thoughts.In marketing situations, the emergence of post modernism is reflected by the fragmentation of society, the rise of individuals, greater awareness in marketers of their ethical responsibilities and the development of movements like that of Fair Trade. The concept of QOL (Quality of Life) m arketing is also rapidly gaining ground. QOL concepts broadly require marketers to enhance customer well being and satisfaction without harming either the community or the various stakeholders. (Sirgy, and Dong-Jin, 1996, p22) QOL, by its very scope, is applicable to many marketing decisions and especially to the selling of harmful products. speckle post modernist thinkers like Stephen Brown have been vehement in their literary criticism of modern marketing thought, especially on the irrelevance of mass marketing in an increasingly fragmented and more informed society, the larger corporate response favours staying with accepted marketing dictum and, of late, tweaking the marketing mix to accept ethical concerns.Thus whilst there is an appreciation of the changed environment, its demands are yet to be addressed sufficiently in the absence of concretised strategies that can be applied to maintain and wrest competitive advantage. Intensive research will no doubt provide strategies tha t can cope with the changed realities in the marketplace and enable marketing to work towards social good.In summation it would appear that while the movement to bring in ethics into the marketing of products is gaining headway much work still needs to be done and marketers need to impute the tenets of corporate social responsibility in their working attitudes. CSR objectives would be very well served if marketers, even as they strive for competitive advantage and business profits also take care to observe time held values like honesty and exactitude, gratitude, justice, and protection of the health and safety of others.ReferencesBrennan, M, 1991, Is there more to ethical marketing than marketing ethics, Marketing Bulletin, Vol. 2, Pgs 8 to 17Mascarenhas, OAJ. 1995, Exonerating unethical marketing executive behaviours A diagnostic framework, ledger of Marketing, Vol.59, No.2, 43-57.Lantos, GP. 2001, The boundaries of strategic corporate responsibility, Journal of Consumer Marketin g, Vol.18, No.7, 595-630Nantel, J, 1996, Marketing ethics, Is there more to it than the utile approach?, European Journal of Marketing, Vol.30, No. 5, Pgs 9 to 19Piacentinin, M, MacFadyen, L., & Eadie, D. 2000, incorporate social responsibility in food retailing, International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 28, No.11, 459-469.Ritzer, G, 1993, The McDonaldization of Society, Pine Forge Press Revised pas seul (September 1995)Sirgy, MJ. & Dong-Jin, L. 1996, Setting socially responsible marketing objectives A quality-of-life approach, European Journal of Marketing, Vol. 30, No. 5, 20-34.

Language Analysis Essay

The piece titled getting our future dorsum on the rails slowly is written by a portion of The Grow Slow organisation who believes that the most convenient occupant for the realm of the abandoned rail look yards is a fellows hep garden. The write begins the article in a confined toned aiming to convince the lecturer that a friendship garden is the right choice and later transfers on to a more(prenominal) critical tone when talking about convenient foods. The writers main arguments include firstly that companionship gardens are a world(a) impulsion and that their familiarity should be one to follow such a abbreviate, secondly a community garden give be good to everyone and is the most efficient preference and lastly community gardening will bring the whole community together.Firstly the causality asserts that a community gardening is a growing global trend and that the council should accept the dislodge to bring their community up to date with the rest of the world, b y stating this the indite implies that their community is behind compared to the rest of the world and encourages the lector to feel the whim to catch up with the world and support the growing trend. The author re-establishes this kernel when informing the reader of the productivity that city farms bring to hundreds of millions across the globe. The author also acknowledges opposing arguments that community gardening is just a transient fashion, and further rebuts those arguments by giving examples of community gardens which are still close to from the time they were dug in military personnel War 2. Using World War 2 as an example not totally causes the reader to agree that community gardens are not just a trend but also can be beneficial in time of crisis this is further supported by the first image which accompanies the article.Secondly the author contends that a community garden will be the most sustainable alternative and will arrive at the whole community. This is wh en the audience faces the transition in tone which becomes more critical about thingmajig foods. The author appals to their readers hip pocket nerve when declaring the hidden price tag that convenience foods place because a lot of it is absquatulated, ends up in landfill and adds to environmental damage. non only does this cause the reader to stray away from the idea of convenience foods, it also brings upon the realisation that growing their own food will benefit the planet as well as themselves. The author further convinces the reader of the negative economic impact that convenience foods have by providing a chart from the NSW environment protection authoritywhich leaves that each year in just one state the cost of processed food waste is approximately $360 million is wasted on packaged food, $240 million on frozen food and $170 million on takeaway.In telephone line of this the author communicates that if people grew their own food they would value it too much(prenominal) a nd hence there would be no waste. Lastly the author recommends community gardening as the best option because it will bring the community together. The author claims that the garden will be a great way for children to learn, also that kids spend far too much time inner and the garden will provide a healthy option for them to go outside and do some physical work in the accented air. Referring to children as one of the main benefiters from the garden the author not only appeals to the council, because children are the future of their community but also appeals to parents as they fate their community to be a healthy and sufficient place for their children. The author declares to the council that voting for the garden will be a visionary blackguard and invites the community to join in to dig for victory again.By victimization the word visionary the author applies a positive effect on council members who may be reading the article making them feel that if they vote for the garden th ey will have been a part of a subverter step for their community, and inviting the community to dig for victory implies to community members that the community option is the right option and as it was successful in the past it should be successful today as well. In conclusion the authors main purpose is to gain the support of community members and convince council members that the garden is the best option to vote for in the upcoming hearing. The author justifies this finished her three main arguments including that community gardens are a global trend to be considerably followed, secondly the author criticizes those who rely on convience foods and provide them with evidence that community gardens are the better and more sustainable option and lastly the author asserts that community gardens will unite the community.

Frame Analysis of Merck

The in timets that Merck encountered in the previous(predicate) 1990s collapse brought the confederacy under intense economical and semipolitical pressure. Managed C atomic number 18 Organizations (MCOs) lowered the prices of drugs since they gained more(prenominal) control over drug prices and just accounted for 75% of drug purchases. Generic substitutes put more pressure on the pharmaceutic industry. In rise to power to the election of President Bill Clinton in 1992, who exerted political pressure on the high profit margins of pharmaceutical companies and their aver contri only whenion to run agency U.S. health cargon represents.Merck CEO, Vagelos at that time, initiated a serial publication of actions to adapt the caller to the pressuring circumstances. The immense out-of-door pressure created a horse sense of uncertainty and ambiguity which is best explained through the political put together. Vagelos actions demonstrated the military unit of the political word f orm which is demonstrated by his firmwide cost-cutting campaign. He too habituated to lay off his employees by his managed headcount and cut all devastate strategies.Vagelos exerted a structural act by moving the incorporated home office from its historic home in New Jersey to a 30 wooded campus near Whitehouse Station. The old headquarter was alongside the company research and manufacturing facilities, but the new site was merely corporate and isolated from the companys other divisions. This shine has weekend the sense of family and relationship through the world imaginativeness surround. Although, Vagelos claimed a human resource face to create a new corporate culture to prepare the company to meet external challenges, but his acts intercommunicate of power and conflict through the political frame.The political frame created more confusion for Merck employees especially later on Vagelos name Richard Markham as president of the company, who resigned after six months leav ing the company in more confusion. The absence of the human resource and the typic frames has caused morale of company employees to decrease and there was a perception that Merck was losing its way as a company.Advantages and Disadvantages to MerckAdvantages for the political frame are the practice of power in face of uncertainty and confusion. However, the political frame created more confusion and the sense of team was lost. Advantages of the human resource frame builds on the sense of family and strong relationships to embrace the company for exerted pressure. The advantages of the symbolic frame are ability to handle complex and uncertain conditions of the company.Evaluation of Gilmartin mental process in Creating ChangeGilmartin has introduced so much sustainmenten in Merck to modify the company to survive economic and political outside pressures. His performance would be evaluated in this section using the keys to a successful alteration introduced by Tucker in 1995. The following objects withdraw to be clearly set need, objectives, participation, broad guidelines, details by group, benefits of change, and giving rewards.At first the need to change is identified at Merck to be initiated by the increasing economic and political pressure that was imposed on the company during 1992-1993. The change outside the company signalled change inside Merck. The company strategy and organization was stimulate especially after the departure of CEO Roy Vagelos. The objectives of this change were to increase company sales, and receiptss, increase morale, develop a sense of direction for the company for the time to come.Guidelines of the change were to maintain the established high ethical standard of the company epoch developing the tradition of scientific excellence through a cross-function function.. club in the change was mainly administrated by the groups that maintain the company its employees and management, in addition to stockholders. The benefits of this change were to achieve the objectives mentioned in the previous section. In addition to increased earnings and established a sense of direction for the future to come.Rewards for this change were given to employees due to their positive view of Merck. Employees were as well truly pleased with the progress Merck had on management training and leadership development. Employees were also pleased with the their much developed communication among students.The rationale for my analysis considered the political and economic pressures exerted on the company in addition to decreasing income and revenue pressures which created the need for the analysis. Objectives aimed at the improvement of the initial status presented. Guidelines were the specific way Gilmartin followed to achieve his objectives. Participation pointed out the affected or participating elements that would be changed. The benefits gained from this change are at best when they match the objectives or even outperform wh at was expected as the outcome of change. Rewards are the benefits to participants.Stakeholders of the Recall of rofecoxibThe 2004 Merck announcement concerning its recalling of the arthritis medicine rofecoxib, has caused the company stock to decrease by 27% on the following day. In 2005, Merck has set aside $685 million for Vioxxs legal defense for more than 11,000 cases. The internal and external stakeholders are Patients taking Vioxx, the United States Food and Drug Administration, Merck Company Shareholders, and other pharmaceutical firms.Negative Impact of Vioxx RecallThe potential negative encroachment of the recall of Vioxx, the most successful product launch in the score of Merck is multi-sided to include many losses. The financial losses were estimated to be ten pct of total expected sales per year which amounts to $2.5 billion per year (Appleby matt 2004). The financial loss is further to be en biggerd by the large number of lawsuits filed against the company. Howeve r, the bold legal strategy that Merck took to fight every idiosyncratic Vioxx law suit on a case by case basis is expected to dampen the effect of litigation. Merck accepts to take the cost of one billion dollars in litigation fee rather than fan out the door for settlements which would be devastating with the entrance of thousands of new law suits. Merck hopes that the wait game would cause many plaintiffs to back off.The repute of Merck also free burning great damage. It is believed that Vioxx is responsible for some disastrous health outcomes. Merck is shown to care all about business with less integrity towards doing whats right for its customers. However, it is the reputation of Merck relative to other pharmaceutical companys that really determines the bound of damage to Mercks reputation.In reaction to the increasing economic and political pressures on Merck, Vagelos should have followed a combination of symbolic and human resource frame to better mobilize the company to s ustain the encountered pressures. He should have built on the strong emotions and relationships between company employees who were developed during the company golden age 1992-1993. He also could have adhered to his alleged symbolic frame and created a symbol for the company to adhere to until hard time have passed through.Recommendation to MerckIt is recommended that Merck pursuit the development of new products to make up for the decrease in total sales that resulted from the recall of Vioxx. The company should also improve its reputation within the pharmaceutical industry through the involvement in a number of ethical activities to the community. Merck could re-establish its reputation by blaming the FDA for non recalling the drug after learning of Vioxxs risks. Merck could work with FDA to change its approval process to ensure the safety of future drugs.ReferencesAppleby, J. & Matt, K. (2004). Merck estimates $2.5B impact from displace Vioxx plug. USA Today Posted 9/30/2004 obtained on October 15, 2007 from http//www.usatoday.com/money/industries/health/drugs/2004-09-30-merck-cover_x.htm

Police Essay

Some more Information virtually the investigation to consider The Australian Crime Commission and the Crime and Misconduct Commission (SLD) had been kept In the loop by the QPS since the archeozoic stages of this Investigation, because of their interest group in adulterous firearm sales and organized crime. Upon skill of Crags arrest, the AC expressed an interest in interviewing him about his knowledge of and connections to a high-profile outlaw motorcycle faction operating on the coast. CraigCraig was arrested by QPS officers at his home. He made It abstemious that he intended to exercise his right to remain silent, so no QPS interview took place. However, as the investigation falls within the ambit of the Sacs Highest peril Criminal Targets Special Investigation, an AC quizzer has available special powers that stinker compel Craig to realize and give evidence at an AC hearing. The AC decides that this Is an appropriate way to proceed at this stage. Answer the following questions 1. bear Craig refuse to attend the hearing? What would happen if he did?Provide 2 thoughtful arguments why you think the establishment of new investigators such as the AC or CM is necessary and/or appropriate. 4. Provide 2 thoughtful arguments why you think the establishment of new Investigators such as the AC or CM Is not necessary and/or appropriate. patrol Essay By Soapstone Some more information about the investigation to date had been kept in the loop by the QPS since the early stages of this investigation, because of their interest in illicit firearm sales and organized crime.Upon learning of Craig arrest, the AC expressed an interest in interviewing him about his knowledge Craig was arrested by QPS officers at his home. He made it clear that he intended to attend and give evidence at an AC hearing. The AC decides that this is an Craig attends the hearing and provides the examiner with useful information to continue the investigation into the outlaw motorcycle gan g, although not sufficient investigators such as the AC or CM is not necessary and/or appropriate.

European Women’s History Essay

The routine of wo hands in hunting lodge has greatly evolved. Prior to the emergence of todays modern world, wo workforce were restricted and confined by the norms and dictates of society. Gender inequation greatly prevailed especially during the early societies. There was little room for progress for wo hands. to a greater extent often than non, women were prohibited from pursuing careers. much(prenominal) personal growth was attributed only to men. However, with the evolution of the society came the change in experience of the post of women. It potbelly be said the change in societys perception with regards to the role of women was initiated by the querelle des femmes, or the pass over women. Such debate began in the 14th century and lasted until the 18th century. During the said period, mingled questions were raised with regards to how women should be viewed or treated in society. The status of women in society became the center of the debate. Questions regarding the ri ghts of women as well as their capabilities were likewise raised. misogynism was likewise an important issue that infinitely raged on in the debate.Primarily, the fundamental question that emerged was regarding the capability of women for sharp-witted thought. Men and women argued on whether women are rational beings who could determine what is logical and rational. In separate words, such question dealt with whether women extradite the ability to make decisions on their own. From such debate emerged the changes in societys perception over the role and status of women. Various assumptions were certain and were brought about the long debates and arguments. Among the most vital assumptions that were developed was wiz that think that women were indeed rational beings. Women were capable of rational thought and thereby had the built-in ability to make decisions for themselves. To supplement such nature of women, education for women was encouraged. legion(predicate) philosoph ers argued that educating women was vital in order to establish their place in society. However, it is not only with the querelle des femmes that questions over the role and status of women were argued upon. Such questions were continuously discussed even with the emergence of the enlightenment period. In both cases though, gender equality was the main point of debate. Another assumption that emerged from such debates dealt with the fact that the role of women is society is a product not just of misogyny of men but with the education of women. Before the said period, women were educated in such a way that they would become submissive to men. Such mindset is one of the reasons why women were viewed as inferior beings in society.With the emergence of women writers in the aforementioned(prenominal) periods, the call for a change in the education of women began to emerge. The15th to 18th centuries cut an abundance of literary works that called for equal education between men and women .As previously mentioned, education was one of the key questions in the debate. Moreover, such literary pieces called for society to treat women as intellectual equals of men. In other words, the proponents of the movement demanded that women be considered intellectuals and thus be given intellectual education. It was no longer enough that women be trained to become mere housewives. The debate changed the type of education that women usually received.The debate reformed the view that women were sottish and that they were only capable of performing household duties. With the many arguments raised in the centuries-long debate, such perceived nature of women was changed.The pro-women stand had several proponents. Each of them took on the battle using their pen and paper. It is through literature that women combated the misogynists of the time. Various literary works emerged that tackled the many questions that arose from the querelle des femmes. Women writers were at the forefront of the battle for a reformation of womens rights and more importantly, the nature and role of women in society.The proscribe view of women was tackled directly and indirectly through prose and poetry. In each literary work, women writers such as Pizan and Wollstonecraft signified womens desire to be considered as equal of men. More importantly, such works pinpointed the wanting of women to be viewed as intellectuals who deserve the proper training and education that will allow them to plight further personal growth and development.The pen served as the weapon of resource for women. through with(predicate) the pen, women were able to prove that they were intellectually capable of rational thought. Through the pen, women were able to voice out their dislike for the manner by which men and society in general viewed their importance and role.

World Most Dangerous Gang: MS 13

Imagine a sc ard little male child penurying to be accepted by a cabal. Sc ared to death, he cracks up to a group of cause(a) boys from a antagonist clique, closes his look, and starts to shoot. When he opens his eyes he realizes that atomic number 53 of the tint gang positionicles has been hit. Then imagine having to walk away, not spend, because in this gang a phallus does not run away. All of this is just to be accepted into a very violent, serious gang. The Mara Salvatrucha gang, normally referred to as MS 13, has begun to commit its phiz crossways 42 states in the United States(Worlds almost), making it the most rapidly growing, sedate gang n America.To understand MS 13s federal agency in this country, matchless has to consider its development as a major(ip) crime organization, its control oer its atoms, and the power it holds. Mara Salvatrucha was organized in Los Angeles in the late 1980s. In the 1980s, El Salvador was engaged in a civil war. Men attack ed as guerilla fighters, training and learning how to basincel out any single for anything. To escape the civil war, these men migrated to the United States. At first, the gangs primary purpose was to defend Salvadoran immigrants from being preyed upon by other street gangs. They banded to gravelher to form MS 13.Ernesto Miranda, co-founder of Mara Salvatrucha said, In this country (El Salvador), we were taught to kill our own people, no matter if they were from your own blood. If your obtain was the enemy, you had to kill him. So the training we got during the war in our country served to make us one of the most violent gangs in the United States (Domash). This is how MS 13 came most. The MS stands for Mara Salvatrucha. Mara is a word mean posse and salvatruchas means street- tough Salvadorans. The number 13 represents the number of a street, belonging to a gang, located in southern California (Domash).The more than over way MS 13 could survive on new vulgarism was to join together as a family and protect each other. The scarcely allies they view as are each other. MS 13 allow do almost anything to keep safe. In the early days of their existence, MS 13 was once rivals with 18th Street multitude, a mostly variety of the maras gangs that appeared in Los Angeles in the 1980s. SWP-18 (Salvadorans with Pride), is another major rival, and a fatal bum for many devoted MS-13 prospects seeking initiation into the gang. The Latin Kings have as well as exhibitionn rival behaviors towards MS-13, especially in Newark NJ. Rival gangs fear them. A rival gang member in L. A said MS13 bout cause to be perceived people, they go rob and kill people for no reason(MSNBC) nonionised crime is a well thought-out lick of crimes planned to be committed. This process of organized crime is type of violence that is associated with MS 13. MS13 commits crimes from murder, rape, hold fasting, drive-by shootings, drug dealing, import illegal immigrants, trafficking weapo ns, prostitution, and kidnapping. Oscar Alvarez, Honduran National Police Minister, states, golf stroketing people in pieces, raping women, killing people for fun.They might be youngsters, they might be poor. still these youngsters are monsters (Domash). MS-13 often leaves behind dismembered corpses, complete with the decapitated head, at the stage setting of their murders. Often a grim note is attached to the body. (TerrorPlanet) In the register of MS 13, they cut off their victims fingers and decapitate them. some condemnations they will cut off victims genitals and feed them to the dogs to show no mercy. One MS 13 gang member admitted that when he was in Houston, he robbed and beat a child. Then while he was in Texas, he killed a man by stabbing him three times.This MS 13 member was asked if the crimes he committed would increase his rank within the gang. He answered, The crazier you are known to be, the more respect the gang gives you (Logan). MS 13 thinks the natural law a nd the community does not realize how dangerous they are this leads their gang to go to extreme violence to get their localize across that no one messes with their gang. If someone is brave enough to mess with MS 13, they will show no mercy and will make the crime even more brutal. MS 13 is becoming more dangerous and more organized. It is running(a) its way up to becoming the next Mafia.The rapidly growing numbers racket of MS 13 is a violent threat to the United States. passim the United States, MS 13 have been sighted in 42 states, ranging up to ten thousand members overall. Mara Salvatrucha is even all over the world. It already has members in five other countries. The estimated number of MS 13 gang members across the world adds up to more than 700,000 (Domash). Since there are so many MS 13 members in the world, one can recognize a MS 13 member by spirit at their tattoos, symbols, gang colors, graffiti, and hand points. MS 13 gang members mark their bodies with tattoos.Th e most common tattoos are the letters MS and the number 13. They have certain symbols that they might have tattooed on themselves. For example, teardrops represent the shooting of a rival gang member. If a member has three dots in a shape of a triangle next to his thumb, it means the gang member has killed someone. By tattooing their bodies it shows how MS 13 is not ashamed of the violent acts they commit. (Domash) fleet signs and signals are also apart of MS 13. The briny hand sign the gang has are called the double horns. This hand sign is similar to the alike(p) symbol comm besides seen displayed by heavy metal usicians and their fans.Also, when one is about to go into battle, or a fight, they will lift up twain sides on the shoulders of their shirts to indicate he or she is about to start. Whenever a gang member rubs ones stomach in a dance orchestra motion, the member is about to shoot someone, and whenever one brushes off ones shoulder the member is about to stab his victi m (Worlds well-nigh Dangerous Gang). This lets the MS 13 members know what is about to happen in the fight. Fights also play a huge role in initiation. To be initiated into a violent gang like MS 13, one has to be violent or have something violent done to them.The three main initiations that MS have are walk the line, jumped in, and turn on in. Whenever they choose to walk the line to join, they must perform a violent act (Worlds Most Dangerous Gang). A boys mission is to walk up to a group of rival gang members on the street and shoot at least one of them. In being walked in, after one commits their violent act, one cannot run from it, but walk away (Worlds Most). Being jumped in requires the one getting initiated, to be surrounded by the five strongest guys in the gang, and they will start to beat the person for thirteen seconds, epresenting the 13 in MS 13.The last and final way one can premise the gang is to be sexed in. Females are usually the only ones who have to go throug h this to get initiated. This is when a girl is has intimate intercourse with a minimum of six members of the MS 13. The whole point of being initiated into MS 13 is to show how dedicated the joining member is and how far they will go for MS 13. Since the inductee is now a permanent member of the gang, they have three jobs that they have to fulfill to put down others, collect money, and to kill (Worlds Most Dangerous Gang). As in every business, MS 13 has to earn a living somehow too.According to the interview between Lisa Ling and sucker, a former MS 13 member, told her that certain blocks in L. A. are owned by MS 13. Whatever businesses are located on the street, must hire a twenty five percent protection fee to MS 13. They also collect money from selling drugs and taxing the drug dealers who want to sell drugs on their territory. These are the drugs they sell crystal meth, cocaine, heroin, rock, weed, and various pills. Jester said, If you need any kind of pills, dont go to th e doctor. (Worlds Most)When Lisa Ling asked Jester, What if they dont pay? Jester responded, They always pay. Sometimes youve got to get aggressive with them (Worlds Most). MS 13 knows that they can get however much money that they want because they are such a fierce gang. One of the worst things that a member can do when joining the gang is to try and get out. In MS 13 there is no way to leave the gang without getting killed unless the escapee goes to the hospital, jail, or death (Logan). If any runaway member ever goes to the police and betrays their clique, MS 13 will make ure that their life ends quickly.Once one becomes a part of the gang, one is in it for life and there is no turning underpin or getting out. MS 13 is spreading its violent manoeuvre across the United States, and it is growing larger in numbers, building an empire of strength and power. Their crime organization development continues to grow stronger and wiser as time goes by, and their growing population of MS 13 members in the United States will increase the crime rates. Before Brenda Paz was murdered by her own gang, MS 13, she emphasized the importance and loyalty that MS 13 gang members have.She stated, You live for God, you live for your mom, but you die for your gang (Worlds Most). MS 13s control in America has shown that it is a major crime organization that cannot be stopped. They have complete control over their members which makes MS 13 an army of violence. Whatever is said is done. There is no negotiating. What MS 13 says goes. While the nation focuses on terrorism, the issue of gang violence has taken a lower priority. But to many, the violent acts of MS13 are more of an everyday threat that is being overlooked.