Journey of Self-Discovery in Thomas Pynchons The Crying of Lot 49 Ess

Journey of Self-Discovery in Thomas Pynchons The weeping of bunch 49 Thomas Pynchons The Crying of Lot 49 challenges the readers perception of the world by enfolding his readers, through a variety of means, within the intricate workings of his narrative. It centers around would be heroine Oedipa Maas whose life is turned upside down when she discovers that she has been made executor of the domain of old flame and entrepreneur Pierce Inverarity. When she is imposed upon to travel to the fictional city of San Narcisco, where Inverarity is said to have numerous real estate holdings, in direct to carry out her task, Oedipa stumbles upon a muted post horn the first of many clues leading her deep into the impenetrable conspiracy surrounding Trystero, an underground postal system shrouded in mystery and intrigue opening her eyes to an alternative way of life. This post modern work of literature infuses dark humor and satire instigating a metamorphosis of intellectually challenging mat erial subsequently luring us, his readers who have unknowingly become a part of the conspiracy, into the methodical chaos of The Crying of Lot 49. Well known for incorporating the basic ideas of philosophy and physics into all of his writings, Pynchon states that the measure of the world is its entropy (The Grim Phoenix, pg.2) an assertion that extends into the worlds he has created within the covers of his books. The structure of watching that Pynchon has constructed for the viewing of his creation has two distinct levels focused on those of his characters, particularly Oedipa Maas, whos world is restricted to the confines of the composition and also that of the reader who stands on the orthogonal looking in but who is also affected by (h... ... our inability to interact personally with the characters in the book, are bound to a bewildered cicerone who cannot gull well enough to point us in the right direction. Although Oedipa never uncovers the hidden truth as to whether or n ot there really live on a statewide conspiracy involving Trystero, in the end she gives herself over to the paranoia innate to never knowing for sure. Like the reader she has come to the conclusion that it would be a better practice to know that shes paranoid and accept it as a part of life in that society, then to deny its existence and live in doubt for the rest of her life. Choosing to embrace the new self she has unearthed in her journey, like the reader Oedipa is reintroduced to the world at large and with eyes wide open.Works CitedPynchon, Thomas. The Crying of Lot 49. New York HarperCollins Publishers, Inc. 1965.

FPL Group Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

DIVIDEND POLICY AT FPL GROUP INCQ.1 DIVIDEND POLICY AT FPL GROUP, INCIn 1994 FPL Group, the parent company of Florida superpower and Light Company, announced a reduction in its quarterly dividend from $.62 ($2.48 annual) a share to $.42. This was the first-ever dividend cut for a healthy utility, so the company did its best to exempt to investors why it had taken such an unusual step.Table 1.-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Year Dividend Earnings Dividend Dividend Earnings Dividend Dividend per share per share payout ratio payout (%) per share payout payout (%) before ratio extraordi- no(prenominal) items-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1993 2.47 2.30 1.07 107.39 2.76 0.89 89.49 1992 2.43 2.65 0.92 91.70 2.65 0.92 91.70 1991 2.39 1.48 1.61 161.49 2.66 0.90 89.85 1990 2.34 (2.86) (0.82) (81.82) 2.64 0.89 88.64 1989 2.26 3.12 0.72 72.44 2.99 0.76 75.59 1988 2.18 3.42 0.64 63.74 3.12 0.70 69.87 1987 2.10 3.10 0.68 67.74 2.69 0.78 78.07 1986 2.02 2.90 0.70 69.66 2.90 0.70 69.66 1985 1.94 3.11 0.62 62.38 3.11 0.62 62.38 1984 1.77 2.62 0.68 67.56 2.65 0.67 66.79 Mean 68.2378.20-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Analysing dividend policy of FPL Group we could track some major steps, which leads company to that decision. From table 1, the number shows that FPL has paid very high dividend comparing to the earnings. Dividend has been increased either year. Furthermore, from the record, this company has a 47 years history of dividend increases.We can analyse that in 1990 di vidend payout ratio was increased sharply compare to the previous years. Also, we can see that FPL had a loss in 1990, but the company still increased dividend. Furthermore, in 1991 to 1993 dividend payout ratio was significantly high when compare to the historical data. These sharp changes ... ...pected in a rational market, within a month of the announcement, the stock price had more than recovered its initial loss. Bibliography1.M.H. Miller and K. Rock, Dividend Policy Under Asymmetric Information, journal of Finance, 401031-1052 (September 1985).2.J. Lintner Distribution of Incomes of Corporations among Dividends, Retained Earnings, and Taxes, American Economic Review, 4697-113(May1956).3.P. Healy and K. Palepu, Earnings Information Conveyed by Dividend Initiations and Omissions, Journal of Financial Economics 21 (1988), pp149-175.4.R. Comment and G. Jarrell, The congeneric Signaling Power of Dutch-Auction and Fixed Price Self-Tender Offers and Open Market Shar e Repurchases, Journal of Finance 46 (September 1991), pp 1243-1271. 5.S.C. Myers, The Capital Structure Puzzle, Journal of Finance 39 (July 1984), pp 581-582. 6.M.H. Miller and F. Modigliani Dividend Policy, Growth and the Valuation of Shares, Journal of Business, 34411-433 (October 1961).7.R.A. Brealey and S.C. Myers, Principles of Corporate Finance, 6th Edition, Irwin McGraw-Hill, Chapter 16.

Under The Influence :: essays research papers

In the first volume of the trilogy, Celestine, there were many positive and negative influences in the life of Celestine. The Indian Department discourage Celestine in many ways. Father Victor Gaudet also played an important role in her life. Lastly, Celestine faced struggles with her family at home. Some of the positive and negative influences in Celestines life were the discouragement of the Indian Department, Father Victor Gaudet, and her struggles at home. Celestine had many conflicts at the Laing Center. To be admitted to grade one at the Laing Center, a child had to capture at least one half year of kindergarten. Sister Candida would not accept Celestine because she hadnt attended kindergarten. Then there were Celestines encounters with Mrs. Hoffman at the Church of Christ join Separate School (C.C.U.). Mrs. Hoffman disliked Indians, perhaps, because her husband had had an affair with one. She heard about it and left her husband for a couple of weeks. Celestine had arrived late to class one morning. As she walked into the classroom, she could feel the teachers disgusting glance. After class was over, Mrs. Hoffman grabbed Celestines arm tightly as she was about to leave. Mrs. Hoffman had heard that Celestine had been to the bars so she threatened to send Celestine to the principals office the close time she went to those bars. Celestine did not let her anger overcome her and was victorious in that situation. Unfortunately for Celestine, this next encounter would have a different outcome. During another session, Mrs. Hoffman had asked Celestine who the mayor of Battle City was. When Celestine couldnt answer quickly, Mrs. Hoffman tried to put pressure on Celestine by rushing her. After thinking about it for a while, Celestines reply was her grandfather, heading Moses Deer. This sent the class into an Juliusuproar. Mrs. Hoffman silenced the room by shouting, Oh, youre nothing but a dumb Indian (Piepenburg 280). Celestine buried her head in her arms for the proportionality of the class. After the session was over, other Raven classmates tried to help Celestine from her depression. Celestine finally rose, but when she tried to leave, Mrs. Hoffman blocked her way. Fire builded in Celestine as she struck Mrs. Hoffman on the cheek and slashed her ear. As Mrs. Hoffman cried out, Celestine fled. This resulted in Celestines expulsion from the C.C.U. Separate School. Later, Celestine, her mother Mona Lafluer, and her grandmother, Bella Deer, had planned to see the principal, Martine Sorenson.

Equal pay act Essay -- essays research papers

Chapter 1 The ScenarioThe story begins at a local Wal-Mart super center, its Friday, payday. As employees open their paychecks they argon awaiting their annual raise. As one employee, Sue opens up her paycheck she finds she has not yet received a raise she has waited all year for this raise. She is very lamentable to find she did not receive one, she begins to think maybe she did something wrong. She starts to think back through the year, and can not seem to come up with any solutions as to why she did not receive one. She really matte she worked especially hard that year in hopes to receive a unassailable raise and really felt she deserved to be recognized for it. In the break room she overhears John, her follow co-worker, bragging to their colleagues about his second raise. Now John is make $1.25 more per hour than her even though they both have been working at Wal-Mart for ii years. They both have the same job descriptions and titles so in that location should not be differ ences in their pay. Sue can not quite understand why he received two when she only received one. She has seen him numerous times being tardy for work or calling in sick. She knows she is a better worker and is more efficient. Sue recently took a mankind resource class at Buffalo State College and she remembers learning about a law regarding equal pay. She cant seem to recall the specifics, so she is determined to look into it further and fix the problem. Chapter 2Sue The VictimSue is a 35 year old divorcee and m some other(prenominal) of two young children. For the past ten years or so she has been doing similar work in retail that pays mediocre wages and that have given her good benefits. About two years ago Sue got was laid off from her last job. She applied at many different entry-level positions, as she has no other experience. She does not receive a lot of child support from her ex-husband so Sue relies on the income she brings in to support her and her two children. When Wal -Mart called Sue for an interview, she was so relieved and excited about the opportunity. Wal-Mart hired Sue she was told that she would start above minimum because of her ten years experience in the field. She was also told that all full-time employees, based upon work performance, receive an annual raise of a dollar each year of their employment. Sue also received a 401k plan. Sue was excited, she hoped to slowl... ...to reappraisal stale pay practices will find themselves unable to retain these valuable employees as well as risk being in breach of the national civil rights laws. It should be encouraged that all employers closely examine their salary policies in order to identify and voluntarily eliminate pay discrepancies based exclusively on gender.Chapter 7 Sues New LifestyleAfter winning her court case and receiving her deserved compensation Sue found another job that would ensure she would never be discriminated by pay again. Sue is a manager at Victorias Secret where she feels more at ease around women like her, and most important of all she is treated the way she should be. Sue also used some of her settlement money to move into a nicer place. She is much happier in an apartment that does not have any water leaks and her children are safer and better cared for. Sue spends her spare time as an advocate for womens rights. In the end Sue is glad that she spoke up against her mistreatment, and has helped several other women with similar situations where they did not have the courage to speak up.this paper is in the form of a story on the equal pay act

Cloning Essay -- essays research papers fc

Shortly after the announcement that British scientists had successfully cloned a sheep, Dolly, clone human beingss has recently become a fortuity that seems ofttimes more feasible in todays society. The word clone has been utilize to carrells as well as to organisms, so that a group of cells stemming from a undivided cell is also called a clone. Usually the members of a clone atomic number 18 identical in their inherited characteristics that is, in their genes except for any differences caused by mutation. very(a) twins, for example, who turn by the division of a single fertilized egg, are members of a clone whereas nonidentical twins, who derive from both separate fertilized eggs, are not clones. (Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia). at that place are two known ways that we can clone serviceman. The first way involves splitting an embryo into several halves and creating many new individuals from that embryo. The second manner of copy a human involves taking cells from an already existing human being and cloning them, in turn creating other individuals that are identical to that particular proposition person. With these two methods at our desposal, we must ask ourselves two very important questions Should we do this, and Can we? There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and estimable sides of this solution will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, moreover the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future. Cloning humans is an idea that has always been thought of as something that could be found in science fiction novels, but neer as a concept that society could actually experience. Todays technological speed has brought us to the piont to where almost anything is possible. Sarah B. Tegen, 97 MIT Biology Undergraduate President states, "I find the cloning of an entire mammal has shown me exactly how fast biology is moving ahead, I had no idea we were so close to this kind of accomplishment." Based on the occurrent science , though, most of these dreams and fears are premature, say some MIT biologists. Many biologist claim that true human cloning is something still far in the future. This raises safe questions now as towhether or not human cloning should even be exploited. (http//www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/). There are many problems with cloning humans. atomic number 53 method of human cloning is splitting embryos... ...ill this experiment be used to create a new race of human clones? I personally speak up that human cloning to any extent will be at least problematic. I think nature will put up a good fight against mans feable intrusion into the creation business. As I have mentioned before in the movie The Boys from Brazil, man can only screw-up any attempt at creation. Just ask Dr. Frankenstein. Who knows what kind of mutations cloning would breed. Biologically would a clone evolve faster, slower? Would it affectively wipe out gene diversity fashioning humans susectable to disease? Could a common cold be the new plauge? These are questions I hope we will never have to answer. Bibliography Works Cited "Clone," Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. whole rights reserved. Macklin, Ruth. "Human cloning? Dont just say no" U.S. News and World Report. 3 March 1997 (4-26-98) Martin, Robert. "Creating a Soul by Cloning?" utilise Christianity. 1998 (http//www.user.shentel.net/ramartin/applied/cloning.htm) (4-26-98) ROSS, SONYA "President ruling out federal research on human cloning" U.S. News and World Report. 3 March 1997 (4-27-98) Cloning try -- essays research papers fc Shortly after the announcement that British scientists had successfully cloned a sheep, Dolly, cloning humans has recently become a possibility that seems much more feasible in todays society. The word clone has been applied to cells as well as to organis ms, so that a group of cells stemming from a single cell is also called a clone. Usually the members of a clone are identical in their inherited characteristics that is, in their genes except for any differences caused by mutation. Identical twins, for example, who originate by the division of a single fertilized egg, are members of a clone whereas nonidentical twins, who derive from two separate fertilized eggs, are not clones. (Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia). There are two known ways that we can clone humans. The first way involves splitting an embryo into several halves and creating many new individuals from that embryo. The second method of cloning a human involves taking cells from an already existing human being and cloning them, in turn creating other individuals that are identical to that particular person. With these two methods at our desposal, we must ask ourselves two very important questions Should we do this, and Can we? There is no doubt that many problems involvi ng the technological and ethical sides of this issue will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, but the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future. Cloning humans is an idea that has always been thought of as something that could be found in science fiction novels, but never as a concept that society could actually experience. Todays technological speed has brought us to the piont to where almost anything is possible. Sarah B. Tegen, 97 MIT Biology Undergraduate President states, "I think the cloning of an entire mammal has shown me exactly how fast biology is moving ahead, I had no idea we were so close to this kind of accomplishment." Based on the current science , though, most of these dreams and fears are premature, say some MIT biologists. Many biologist claim that true human cloning is something still far in the future. This raises ethical questions now as towhether or not human cloning should even be att empted. (http//www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/). There are many problems with cloning humans. One method of human cloning is splitting embryos... ...ill this experiment be used to create a new race of human clones? I personally think that human cloning to any extent will be at least problematic. I think nature will put up a good fight against mans feable intrusion into the creation business. As I have mentioned before in the movie The Boys from Brazil, man can only screw-up any attempt at creation. Just ask Dr. Frankenstein. Who knows what kind of mutations cloning would breed. Biologically would a clone evolve faster, slower? Would it affectively wipe out gene diversity making humans susectable to disease? Could a common cold be the new plauge? These are questions I hope we will never have to answer. Bibliography Works Cited "Clone," Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Macklin, Ruth. "Human cloning? Dont just say no&qu ot U.S. News and World Report. 3 March 1997 (4-26-98) Martin, Robert. "Creating a Soul by Cloning?" Applied Christianity. 1998 (http//www.user.shentel.net/ramartin/applied/cloning.htm) (4-26-98) ROSS, SONYA "President ruling out federal research on human cloning" U.S. News and World Report. 3 March 1997 (4-27-98)

Cloning Essay -- essays research papers fc

Shortly after the announcement that British scientists had successfully cloned a sheep, Dolly, clone human beings has recently become a conjecture that seems very much more feasible in todays society. The word clone has been utilise to cells as well as to organisms, so that a group of cells stemming from a individual(a) cell is also called a clone. Usually the members of a clone be identical in their inherited characteristics that is, in their genes except for any differences caused by mutation. similar twins, for example, who stand up by the division of a single fertilized egg, are members of a clone whereas nonidentical twins, who derive from devil separate fertilized eggs, are not clones. (Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia). thither are two known ways that we can clone domain. The first way involves splitting an embryo into several halves and creating many new individuals from that embryo. The second rule of clone a human involves taking cells from an already existing human being and cloning them, in turn creating other individuals that are identical to that circumstance person. With these two methods at our desposal, we must ask ourselves two very important questions Should we do this, and Can we? There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and respectable sides of this skip will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, provided the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future. Cloning humans is an idea that has always been thought of as something that could be found in science fiction novels, but never as a concept that society could actually experience. Todays technological speed has brought us to the piont to where almost anything is possible. Sarah B. Tegen, 97 MIT Biology Undergraduate President states, "I conceptualize the cloning of an entire mammal has shown me exactly how fast biology is moving ahead, I had no idea we were so close to this kind of accomplishment." Based on the up-to-the-minute science , though, most of these dreams and fears are premature, say some MIT biologists. Many biologist claim that true human cloning is something still far in the future. This raises ethical questions now as towhether or not human cloning should even be seeked. (http//www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/). There are many problems with cloning humans. angiotensin converting enzyme method of human cloning is splitting embryos... ...ill this experiment be used to create a new race of human clones? I personally count that human cloning to any extent will be at least problematic. I think nature will put up a sizeable fight against mans feable intrusion into the creation business. As I have mentioned before in the movie The Boys from Brazil, man can only screw-up any attempt at creation. Just ask Dr. Frankenstein. Who knows what kind of mutations cloning would breed. Biologically would a clone evolve faster, slower? Would it affectively wipe out gene diversity do humans susectable to disease? Could a common cold be the new plauge? These are questions I hope we will never have to answer. Bibliography Works Cited "Clone," Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. all(a) rights reserved. Macklin, Ruth. "Human cloning? Dont just say no" U.S. News and World Report. 3 March 1997 (4-26-98) Martin, Robert. "Creating a Soul by Cloning?" utilize Christianity. 1998 (http//www.user.shentel.net/ramartin/applied/cloning.htm) (4-26-98) ROSS, SONYA "President ruling out federal research on human cloning" U.S. News and World Report. 3 March 1997 (4-27-98) Cloning rise -- essays research papers fc Shortly after the announcement that British scientists had successfully cloned a sheep, Dolly, cloning humans has recently become a possibility that seems much more feasible in todays society. The word clone has been applied to cells as well as to organisms, so that a group of cells stemming from a single cell is also called a clone. Usually the members of a clone are identical in their inherited characteristics that is, in their genes except for any differences caused by mutation. Identical twins, for example, who originate by the division of a single fertilized egg, are members of a clone whereas nonidentical twins, who derive from two separate fertilized eggs, are not clones. (Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia). There are two known ways that we can clone humans. The first way involves splitting an embryo into several halves and creating many new individuals from that embryo. The second method of cloning a human involves taking cells from an already existing human being and cloning them, in turn creating other individuals that are identical to that particular person. With these two methods at our desposal, we must ask ourselves two very important questions Should we do this, and Can we? There is no doubt that many problems involving the technological and ethical sides of this issue will arise and will be virtually impossible to avoid, but the overall idea of cloning humans is one that we should accept as a possible reality for the future. Cloning humans is an idea that has always been thought of as something that could be found in science fiction novels, but never as a concept that society could actually experience. Todays technological speed has brought us to the piont to where almost anything is possible. Sarah B. Tegen, 97 MIT Biology Undergraduate President states, "I think the cloning of an entire mammal has shown me exactly how fast biology is moving ahead, I had no idea we were so close to this kind of accomplishment." Based on the current science , though, most of these dreams and fears are premature, say some MIT biologists. Many biologist claim that true human cloning is something still far in the future. This raises ethical questions now as towhether or not human cloning should even be attempted . (http//www.usnews.com/usnews/issue/). There are many problems with cloning humans. One method of human cloning is splitting embryos... ...ill this experiment be used to create a new race of human clones? I personally think that human cloning to any extent will be at least problematic. I think nature will put up a good fight against mans feable intrusion into the creation business. As I have mentioned before in the movie The Boys from Brazil, man can only screw-up any attempt at creation. Just ask Dr. Frankenstein. Who knows what kind of mutations cloning would breed. Biologically would a clone evolve faster, slower? Would it affectively wipe out gene diversity making humans susectable to disease? Could a common cold be the new plauge? These are questions I hope we will never have to answer. Bibliography Works Cited "Clone," Microsoft Encarta 97 Encyclopedia. 1993-1996 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Macklin, Ruth. "Human cloning? Dont just say no" U.S . News and World Report. 3 March 1997 (4-26-98) Martin, Robert. "Creating a Soul by Cloning?" Applied Christianity. 1998 (http//www.user.shentel.net/ramartin/applied/cloning.htm) (4-26-98) ROSS, SONYA "President ruling out federal research on human cloning" U.S. News and World Report. 3 March 1997 (4-27-98)

Earth’s Magnetic Field Essay

reasons magnetized electron orbit is one of the worlds al approximately complicated features. It started to be observed in 1845 by a scientist named Carl Friedman Gauss (Sarfati). The magnetized depicted object is generated inside of the basiss core and in that respect are many a(prenominal) scientists who still debate everyplace how it was first created. There are similarly many arguments about the many changes that the heavens has gone through in its existence. These arguments are mostly either for a young- commonwealth model or an old priming coat model. History of the magnetic filedEarths magnetic field is a field of voltaic current that is conducted from the demesnes solid inner core through the eloquent outer core (Richard). The electric current goes virtually the earth and through it at the north and south poles. The north pole was first discovered by James Ross in 1831 (nasa.gov). No one visited it once again until the early 1900s. In 1904, Roald Amundsen fo und the pole again and discovered that it had movedat least 50 km since the days of Ross, (nasa.gov). The north pole proceed to move at an average of about 10 kilometers per year in the twentieth century (nasa.gov). More recently scientist Larry Newitt of the Geological Survey of Canada has said that it has been sorrowful an average of 40 kilometers every year (nasa.gov).The past of earths magnetic field can be studied by past lava eruptions that turn out hardened. When grains of the common magnetic mineral magnetic iron-ore in volcanic lava or ash flows cool below its curie point of 570C (1060F), the magnetic domains partially align themselves in the direction of the earths magnetic field at that time. Once the rock has fully cooled, the magnetites alignment is fixed, (Sarfati). The Curie point of a substance is the temperature at which it loses its magnetism, so the lava must cool below this point before the magnetite can align(Sarfati). Using these records scientists have see n that the earths pole have switched several times in the past.What the magnetic field actually does that is beneficial to the earth is deflect cosmic rays. The magnetic currents touch them toward the north and south poles. The increase could knock out power grids, scramble the communications systems on spacecraft, temporarily widen atmospheric ozone holes, and generate more sunup activity, (Roach). The effect that these cosmic rays would cause to humans are unknown though some think that they would cause tissue damage much like x-rays (Richard). It also reduces the emission of carbon 14 which makes the earth healthier (Humphreys). Magnetic field reversalsMagnetic field reversals occur when the currents of the the outer core of the earth move the electrical current around enough that it actually flips upside down. Many scientists imagine that when the poles switch places there is a period of time where the magnetic field does non exist, but the University of California professor Gary Glatzmaier says It just gets more complicated, (nasa.gov). He states that when the poles are reverse there will actually be multiple magnetic poles that step forward all around the earth. A south magnetic pole might emerge over Africa, for instance, or a north pole over Tahiti,(nasa.gov).Earths magnetic field during a reversal (nasa.gov)Some old earth scientists believe that when poles reverse is caused by a second magnetic field coming into existence with an opposite polarity and it then overpowers the first. This idea works if you assume that the geodynamo model is true because if the current of the liquid metal causes the magnetic field then the currents are can make a new field easily (Richard). Once the first field decays the second takes over. Other old earth scientists believe that when the polarity changes it is just the electrical current being shifted enough by the liquid outer core that it reverses directions completely (nasa.gov). Both of these processes would tak e outstanding amounts of time and since there is proof that there have been many reversals have occurred in the past, this is what old earth scientists can use as evidence that the earth is old (nasa.gov).Dr. Russell Humphreys accepted that reversals were real, unlike some previous creationists. He proposed that the process of convection could cause the magnetic field to reverse (Humphreys). Most young earth scientists believe that most of the reversals occurred during a global flood which occur in Genesis. Dr. John Baumgardner proposed that the Genesis Flood was caused by the plunging of tectonic plates (Sarfati). This would have made the outer split of the liquid core to cool rapidly which would have sped up the process of convection. In this model reversals would have occurred once every week or two. The most stunning piece of evidence for this is a very thin layer of lava that was found that most have cooled within a few days weeks and the magnetite of the outside of the layer is aligned in opposite direction as the inside (Sarfati).Origins of the fieldScientists that believe in the old-earth model have said that theres is about 300,000 years in between magnetic field reversals and that each reversal takes around 10,000 years to complete (Roach). The electrical current which makes the field has been said to be generated through convection. The liquid of the outer core which conducts the electrical current is constantly moving (Richard). This movement is caused by the heating of the molten liquid by the inner core which causes it to rise and as soon as the liquid cools it will sink. This process is called convection (Richard). This idea that this process can generate an electric current is called the geodynamo model.Young earth scientists strongly disagree with this. The first point that they make is that the geodynamo model has no significant evidence even after decades of investigate (Humphreys). One proposed idea is that during creation God made atomi c nuclei spin in the same direction (Humphreys). The spin of atomic nuclei creates a tiny magnetic field and if the spin of the atomic nulcei were aligned it would add up to a much larger field. Dr. Russell Humphreys who has a Ph.D. in physics says as thermal collisions upset the nuclear spins, the laws of electricity predict a startup of an electric current within the core of the earth to sustain the field.Genesis flood model of earths magnetic field decay and reversals (Humphreys)Field fluctuationsAs stated before, the magnetic field prevents some of the production of carbon 14. This also can be used to see the past of the field. This is a process called radiocarbon dating (Humphreys). Using this scientists have seen that the field has been increasing and decreasing in strength over time. These fluctuations are what most old earth scientists use to say that the current decrease is no more than just a fluctuation and that it is not a steady decrease (Richard).The young earth rebut tal for this again goes back to the Genesis flood. In a summary of Dr. Russell Humphreys paper on the magnetic field fluctuations of states that because the liquid of the outer core disrupted the electrical current during the flood there would have been what he called higher-order components (Humphreys). This means that there four poles or eight poles, etc, and these poles would die away faster than the two main poles. The higher-order components can have either polarity, the strength of the field would fluctuate up and down, as variant components died away at different rates.If the young earth scientists proposed idea of the exponential decay of the magnetic earth of the field is correct then the earth cannot be more than 10,000 years old (Sarfati). At the rate that the field is currently decreasing, which has been calculated with the formula i = Ie-t/, the field would have been strong enough to turn tail the earth if it had been in existence longer than 10,000 years (sarfati).Co nclusionBoth of these groups of scientists have evidence that supports their main points. The earths magnetic field a very complicated system that has been around since the beginning of the earth. There has been much that scientists have viewed from it and there are still many things that they have to learn about it.

Modern Racism Essay

An Asian friend once had experienced racism while he was out in a fast feed restaurant in the city. He shared how he was the third person in line at the time, but when it was his turn to order his food, the food attendant, who was a 20-something white man, simply blew him off and serviced the person next in line to him. He said that his attempts to plead his right to order fell to deaf ears for a while, until the attendant exclaimed, Whites first. Youre Asian. Of course, he felt shock and embarrassment at the time the racism incident happened.He mentioned he couldnt believe that racism is still prevalent up to this day. Though the said incident may be an isolated case, it still is alarming that these things still happen. Clearly, racism still isnt a thing of the past, rather, it still lingers on to the read day, hence, the term, Modern Racism. One of the laudable explanations on prejudice that explains the food attendants attitude towards my Asian friend is the concept of In-Gro up Bias. This concept states that humans have a powerful tendency to favor over other groups the group to which they belong (Bordens & Horowitz, 2002).True enough, the food attendant chose to give his services to whites first because they have the same color, implying they belong in the same group, and tended to completely ignore his Asian customer because he is not white. If one must find justification to what the food attendant did, then one can only assume that because the country is at present extremely multiracial and multicultural, people tend to hold tightly to those in the same group as they are, because only then they can feel safest and strongest.This is repayable to the assumption that the other members of the group will excessively tend to value him/her more than other members of the outgroup, in the event of a conflict. This is explained in the Social indistinguishability Theory, an underlying theory to explain In-Group Bias. The Social Identity Theory explains that h uman beings are motivated to positively evaluate their own groups, in order to keep and enhance self-esteem (Tafjel, 1982). When a person derogates a member of the outgroup, it enhances the ingroup and in turn, promotes positive self-evaluation (Schneider, 2004. )The racist remark and deed of the food attendant aims to revel his group, which are the white people, and this event gives a positive effect on his self-evaluation. The food attendants hostility towards my Asian friend may also be explained by the Scapegoating Theory. This theory states that frustration is a major instigation of aggression, and when this cant be directed at the direct cause, it may be displaced onto a scapegoat (Dollard, Miller, Doob, Mowrer, & Sears, 1939).In this event, the frustration of the food attendant is from his economic status, and because he is threatened that an outgroup, who in this case is my Asian friend, has a better economic status than he is, he displaced his anger and aggression by mak ing a racist remark and deed against my Asian friend. Now, whether it is Ingroup Bias or Scapegoating Theory which explains the racist deed best, it cannot be justified that the deed was done in good taste. Of course, racism is what it entails, it is an unjust means of categorizing people, and yet it still prevails in the innovational times.Unfortunately, there is no foolproof way that one can prevent racism from happening. The next best thing to avoid conflict that results from stereotyping and modern racism is to keep an open mind. References Schneider, D. J. (2004). The Psychology of Stereotyping. New York The Guilford Press. Bordens, K. S. and Horowitz. (2002). Social Psychology. New Jersey Lawrence Elbaum Associates Inc. Fisher, E. M. (1992). Modern Racism and Academic Librarianship in a Period of Diversity. gathering Proceedings, Sixth National Conference. Chicago, IL Association of College & Research Libraries.

Identify and describe at least three (3) contributing to the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory data Essay

Provide at least three (3) reasons for believing in the trueness or in truth of centripetal information. Our senses are the connection between the populace and our mind. A lot of philosophers defined our senses as the window of the soul.Every sense in our maven work hand to hand and build a have picture of where we are, who we are, and what is going on in our environment, our thinking and sensing are hardly connected and we rely on accurate observations. The reasons for believing in the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory information, when you touch something hot, your sense of feeling will send messages to your brain and you can remove your hand or other part of your be before you get burned.Your sense of smell can signal when there is danger. There are reasons to believe sensory information. Though our sensory may be working fine, environmental influences may distort our interpretation of the data the organ is sending to us.Identify and describe at least three (3) contributing t o the accuracy or inaccuracy of sensory data. There are many things that can cause an effect to the accuracy of sensory data. The first and the most important one is food. Our brain like other body part needs energy in order toDiscuss the roles of nature and nurture with regard to the interpretation and evaluation of sensory data.Use at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Your textbook may count as one (1) source. At least one (1) of your sources must be obtained from the collection of databases accessible from the Learning ResourcesCenter Web page.

Media War Coverage

Media warfare Coverage From the beginning of condemnation when humans started fighting wars regardless of the reasoning leaders discovered how important propaganda and the publics opinion of why they were fighting the war. If the nations leaders believes in why they are fighting a war the Country pass onbe more seeming to give their prolong and motivated to stay in the fight for the long haul. Edward R. Murrow, former writinger for CBS once said, We must not conf phthisis dissent with disloyalty.We will not be driven by fear into an age of unreason if we remember that we are not descended from fearful men, not from men who feared to write, to speak, to associate and to patronage causes which were, for the moment unpopular. A delicate balance exists between the military and the media censorship and evolution of wartime media from WWII through and through modern day WAR in Iraq. domain of a function War II coverage came mostly through newspapers and radio coverage.During thi s time journalist had a good relationship with the military, both were working toward a common aim that would bring an end to Adolf Hitlers war machine, which was determined to take over the world With tabu being heavily censored by military leader reporters were sufficient to provide much more coverage of the war. Reporters during this time were at a much larger disadvantage compared to reporters of today because of their technological disadvantage.What would take journalist during World War II hours if not days to report battles or events through radio, print, or even telegraph was plenty of time for the military to screen the story. alone it also provided a buffer of time to prevent any issues of violation what is known as operational security. In other words by the time the story reached its viewers in the United States a potential battle plan had already been executed. The soldiers involved wouldnt be in any endangerment of valuable development reaching the enemy.Not to me ntion if a battle went particularly wrong there was time to adjust or screen a story in order to portray it in a different light that may be more favorable. Vietnam armed with newer technology allowing the average American family to have a television in every living room created a way to usher in graphic images of the war. No longer could we use the view the war over there as a separate entity being left over there and nor were reporters on the battle field as highly censored they were able to relay events on the battlefield and the reality in pictures of what combat was truly like.Because we now possessed the technology so Americans at home could see war first hand. Young Americans formed their own opinions of the war causing protest swaying public opinion and subsequently support for the war causing a large Anti-war feeling. Ho Chi Minh and the Communist north believed that with the American public losing confidence in the Unites States government. Since the mainstream media were not in support of the war, media line drawing the violence and how the US progress in Vietnam in a negative light that eventually was said to be the motivation leading to the pull out of Vietnam.The concept of winning by proxy meaning to simply wait out the enemy until they lose the will of the people to continue to fight. The theory held by the enemy proved to be correct due to the lack of media support helping to drive the motivation of the people and the length of the war dragging on over several years the United States did eventually pull out of Vietnam. During the disjuncture War the media had progressed and had grown leaps and bounds since Vietnam. The technology currently available allowed reporters to report from hotel rooms within Kuwait during the air campaign in the early hours of Desert Storm. bare-ass companies such as CNN had correspondents bringing up to date information and developments from the beginning of Operation Desert shield to the building up of forces. The destruction of SADAAM Husseins Army as it moved waged its campaign against Kuwait through the liberation of Kuwait. The images we saw of Scud attacks and Victory parades were brought to us twenty-four hours a day seven days a week. The positive view portrayed by the media had a direct affect on the publics view on the war. From the beginning of the War on Terror Allied reporters who were covering stories for both Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.Allied reporters were imbedded with American troops fighting on the battlefield, these reporters were able to use satellite cards for glide slope to the Internet and laptops were able to report from anywhere on the battle field up to date information on the progress of operations and how the war was tone ending with virtually little to no chance of the military censorship. Reporters ability to use technology to avoid censorship was evident with the opening of the groundwork war in Iraq a reporter named Jeraldo Rivera announced planned movements of American troops on television. Mr.Rivera was being broadcasted internationally creating the potential for the enemy to be breach prepared for the oncoming attacks by the American Forces. Powerful Photo essays and Internet blogs often show the harsh side of war, unlike the harsh side of WWII where media images were more benign. The one constant through history has always been evident and media wither or not being censored is powerful in determining the support in a nation and in many cases the outcome of success or failure in a conflict. A. censoring War Coverage Barhart, Aaron. hie Up War Coverage. Television Week.Apr. 2003. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. U. of capital of Connecticut Lib. 1 may 2005 Hernandez, Debra Gersh. The simple days of war coverage. Editor & Publisher. Jul. 1994. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. U. of Hartford Lib. 1 May 2005. . Newseum War Stories Technology. War Reporting & Technology. 1 May 2005. Rather, Dan. T ruth on the Battlefield. Harvard International Review. Spring 2001. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. U. of Hartford Lib. 1 May 2005. . Rosenberg, Jim. Tech from Gulf War to Gulf War. Editor & Publisher. March 2003. Academic Search Premier.EBSCOhost. U. of Hartford Lib. 1 May 2005. . Shafer, Jack. Embeds and Unilaterals. 1 May 2003. 1 May 2005. B. WWI Coverage BibliographyChase, Stuart. Guides to Straight Thinking. New York Harper and Brothers, 1956. Combs, James and Nimmo, Dan. The New Propaganda The Dictatorship of Palavar in Contemporary Politics. New York Longman Publishing Group, 1993. Doob, Leonard. Propaganda Its Psychology and Technique. New York total heat Holt and Company, 1935. Edwards, Violet. Group Leaders Guide to Propaganda Analysis. New York Columbia University Press, 1938. Ellul, Jacques.Propaganda The Formation of Mens Attitudes. New York Vintage Books, 1965. Hummel, William and Huntress, Keith. The Analysis of Propaganda. New York William Sloane Associates, 1949. Institute for Propaganda Analysis. Propaganda Analysis. New York Columbia University Press, 1938. Institute for Propaganda Analysis. The book Art of Propaganda. New York Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1939. Lee, Alfred McClung. How to Understand Propaganda. New York Rinehart and Company, 1952. Lowenthal, Leo and Guterman, Norbert. Prophets of Deceit. Palo Alto Pacific Books Publishers, 1970.Miller, Clyde. The Process of Persuasion. New York Crown Publishers, 1946. Pratkanis, Anthony and Aronson, Elliot. Age of Propaganda The Everyday Use and maltreat of Persuasion. New York W. H. Freeman and Company, 1991. Rank, Hugh. Language and Public Policy. New York Citation Press, 1974. Thum, Gladys and Thum, Marcella. The Persuaders Propaganda in War and Peace. New York Atheneum, 1972. C. How Media Coverage of the Vietnam War Changed America, Journalism Cossa, Frank. Photojournalism and the War at radix. 19 October 2005. Digital History, The Vietnam War.Online American History Book, Pe riod 1960s. 19 October 2005. Kahrs, Kristian. Lies, Deceit and Hypocrisy. May 1997. 19 October 2005. LaborLawTalk Vietnam War, Encyclopedia. LaborLawTalk. com. 3 December 2005. Lester, Paul Martin. Chapter Four Victims of Violence, Photojournalism An Ethical Approach. New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, 1991. Digital Version, 1999. McLaughlin, Erin. Television Coverage of the Vietnam War and the Vietnam Veteran. December 3, 2001. August 2004. The Media and the Vietnam War. 19 October 2005. Reference. com, Encyclopedia Vietnam War.Copyright 2001-2005 Tennant, Michael. Now You See It, Now You Dont. 27 May 2004. Strike the Root. 19 October 2005. Vietnam War. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Digital version. 19 October 2005. Walter Cronkite. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Digital version. 19 October 2005. D. Censorship in the Gulf Clark, Ramsey. The Fire This Time U. S. War Crimes in the Gulf. New York Thunders Mouth Press, 1994. Denton, Robert E. , Jr . , ed. The Media and the Persian Gulf War. Westport, Connecticut Praeger, 1993. Fialka, John J. Hotel Warriors Covering the Gulf War.Washington, DC Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1992. MacArthur, John R. Second Front Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War. New York Hill and Wang, a division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1992. Massing, Michael. Another Front. Chap. in The Media and the Gulf War. ed. Hedrick Smith. Washington, DC Seven Locks Press, 1992. Nohrstedt, Stig A. Ruling by Pooling. Chapter in delight of the Image The Medias War in the Persian Gulfa Global Perspective. Mowlana, Hamid, George Gerbner, and Herbert I. Schiller, eds. Boulder, Colorado Westview Press, 1992 Norris Margot. Only the Guns Have Eyes. Chapter in Seeing Through the Media The Persian Gulf War. Susan Jeffords and Lauren Rabinowitz, eds. New Brunswick, New Jersey Rutgers University Press, 1994. Schanberg, Sydney H. Censoring for Political Security. Chap. in The Media and the Gulf War. ed. Hedrick Smi th. Washington, DC Seven Locks Press, 1992. Trainor, Lt. Gen. Bernard E. , USMC. The Military and the Media A Troubled Embrace. Chap. in The Media and the Gulf War. ed. Hedrick Smith. Washington, DC Seven Locks Press, 1992. Williams, Pete. Ground Rules and Guidelines for Desert Shield. Chap. n The Media and the Gulf War. ed. Hedrick Smith. Washington, DC Seven Locks Press, 1992. Williams, Pete. Statement before the U. S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. Chap. in The Media and the Gulf War. ed. Hedrick Smith. Washington, DC Seven Locks Press, 1992. Woodward, Gary C. The Rules of the Game The Military and the Press in the Persian Gulf War. Chap. in The Media and the Persian Gulf War. ed. Robert E. Denton, Jr. Westport, Connecticut Praeger, 1993 E. Military censorship of the war in Iraq Naomi Spence Military censorship of the war in Iraq, 31 July 2008 All of

Crim 101 Notes #1

* What is criminology? A social science studying plague and related phenomenon such(prenominal) as law making, criminal behavior, victimization and punishment Discipline of criminology is a recent development Most ideas and sentiments we now have about nuisance and criminals emerged oer last 2 or 3 centuries Modern criminology is multi-disciplinary (inter-disciplinary) Influenced by sociology, psychology, and biologyThe fascination with aversion Crime is popular topic for newspapers, TV shows , books and movies There is little descent between crime news and actual amount of crimes Media focus primarily on violent crimes, even though such crimes forms b bely smart piece of music of all criminal activity Appears as though police solve more crimes and arrest more cirminals than they do in reality The appeal of crime stories and crime newsCrime related stories are often dramatic and lurid Deal with moral questions of good vs evil Criminals appear in stories as insane or dangerous psychopaths Stories happen in short clock time span- between newscasts or newspaper editions Easy for the public to understand Felsons 10 fallacies about crime Book 1. the dramatic Fallacy o keep ratings high, media seek strange/violent incidents to report/create dramas around murder makes up less than 1% of all crime, yet from watching TV or reading the papers, it seems like a commonplace events seems that most murders are well-planned, grisly affairs, or they happen all by random chance in fact, most murders start as arguments that escalate into violence most crimes are relatively minor property crimes 2. the cops and courts hallucination police work made to look more dangerous and challenging than it actually is increased policing found to be of limited value ost crimes are non reported, most of crimes that are reported are not solved by police very few elaborate court trials (charges dropped, plea bargaining, guilty plea) 3. the not-me phantasm most people think they could never (or would never) commit a crime however, many people have shoplifted, smoked marijuana, driven when theyre impaired, or asleep(p) joy-riding in a car most people violate at least some laws sometimes, even though they may not get caught or end up with a criminal record 4. the innocent youth fallacy endency to view junior people as being pure or innocent in reality, teen years are the most active years for criminal activity majority of crimes committed by younger offenders younger offenders often are more dangerous than older offenders 5. the ingenuity fallacy tendency to think criminals are more clever than they really are in reality, lightweight, high value items have made crime even more simple most criminals take little planning, little skill, and almost no time to commit 6. the organized crime fallacy endency to view crime as more organized and conspiratorial than it really is most criminals act quickly, avoid fit with co-offenders, and dont do a lot of work or planning dealing with organized criminals makes what law enforcement officials are doing seem more principal(prenominal) and sophisticated than its really is 7. the juvenile gang fallacy juvenile gangs nowhere near as sinister as the media and law officials make them out to be loosely structured lots of so-called members just hanging out on the periphery crime that such gangs engage in is petty and disorganized 8. he welfare state fallacy wrong to blame crime on unemployment and poverty no evidence to show that presidential term hand-outs or government programs do anything to decease crime when the economy improves, or when government hand-outs increase, statistics show that crime goes up too 9. the agenda fallacy many individuals and groups blame crime on declining morality say that a healthy does of moral and religious value is what criminals and society really needs most criminals already know the right way from wrong, and simply choose to ignore it, especially when theyre not being ob served 10. he whatever-you-think fallacy wrong to think that some crime is subjective, and is only regarded as crime because of labeling, media attention or influence of interest groups laws are actually quite similar across different countries and different social systems criminologists who lecture about negative effects of labeling and how moral problems are turned into crime-control problems are misguided and side-stepping their responsibility to help solve the crime problem crime falsehoods and realities * * * myth * reality Most criminals are dangerous and clever * Most criminals resemble their victims * Most criminals are pathological individuals who kill at random * Most crimes are routine, mundane and often trivial * Police investigators are clever and effective * Most crimes are not detected, or not reported, most go dissonant * Most crimes are violent * Only a small portion of crime is violent * The elderly are more likely to be victimised * Young, low SES males are mo re likely to be victimized * Victimization are rates exhalation up * Victimization rates are going down onceptualizations of crime crime as a legal construct crime as a violation of social norms debate between the consensus vs. and combat models the legal construct model Sacco and Kennedy say the dominant way of thinking about crime is in legal terms Crime is conceptualized relative to the concept of law- crime is breaking the law Because committing criminal act amounts to breaking the law, it is subject to prosecution and punishment The four main components a.Actus Reus a real event, in which soul has committed or failed to commit an act b. Men Rea criminal intent you must have the intent to commit the act c. No legal acknowledgment or justification d. Must be contrary to a provision of criminal law Crime as normative violation pictures Mala in Se Mala in se something bad or evil in itself Laws that criminalize acts most societies and cultures agree are inherently wrong, e. g. , murder and incest Mala ProhibitaMala prohibita something that is deemed to be wrong or criminal only because it is prohibited Acts where there might be considerable disagreement from society to society re their legality Concensus vs. conflicy * consensus * conflict * hostelry as a functional organism * Society and social transformation rooted in social conflict * Norms/expectations based on shared values/interests * Society not organic or natural. But forced upon us * Those who are different (e. g. ,criminals) are deemed to be abnormal * Society/laws based on values and interests of those with the power

How to Succeed in College Essay

Hints on How to Succeed in College Classes The Key to Success cultivation Time The single most important key to success in any college course is to spend enough time perusal. A rule of thumb is that you should expect to study about 2 to 3 minute of arcs per week international of class for each unit of credit. For example, a student taking 15 credit hours should expect to spend 30 to 45 hours each week studying outside of class. Combined with time in class, this works out to a total of 45 to 60 hours spent on academic worknot much more than the time a typical Job requires, and you hold up to hoose your own hours.Of course, if you are working while you attend school, you ordain need to compute your time carefully. As a rough guideline, your study time might be divided as shown in the table below. If you find that you are spending fewer hours than these guidelines suggest, you atomic number 50 probably improve your grade by studying longer. If you are spending more hours than these guidelines suggest, you may be studying inefficiently in that case, you should talk to your instructor about how to study more effectively. If Your Course Is Time for Reading the Assigned Text (per week) Time for HomeworkAssignments (per week) Time for Review and streak Preparation (average per week) Total Study Time (per 3 impute 2 to 4 hours 2 to 3 hours 2 hours 6 to 9 hours 4 credits 3 hours 8 to 12 hours 5 credits 3 to 5 hours 3 to 6 hours 4 hours 10 to 15 hours General Strategies for Studying 0 Budget your time effectively. Studying 1 or 2 hours each day is more effective, and far less painful, than studying all night forward homework is due or before exams. 0 Engage your brain. Learning is an active process, not a passive experience.Whether you are reading, listening to a lecture, or working on assignments, always make sure hat your mind is actively engaged. If you find your mind drifting or falling asleep, make a conscious labor to revive yourself, or take a break if necessary. 0 Dont miss class, and come prepared. Listening to lectures and participating in class activities and discussions is much more effective than reading someone elses notes or watching a video later. Active participation will serve you retain what you are learning. Also, be sure to complete any assigned reading before the class in which it will be discussed.This is crucial, since class sessions are designed to function reinforce key deas from the reading. 0 Use your textbook effectively. For a science book, for example Begin by identifying the learning goals of an assigned chapter, and get an overview of key concepts by studying the illustrations and reading their captions. Next, read the chapter twice On the first pass, read only the narrative, skipping any optional or boxed features on the second pass, include the boxed features, and make notes on the pages to remind yourself of ideas you may want to review later.After you complete the reading, check your visualisein g by assay some of the end- f-chapter problems or any on-line quizzes or tutorials that may be available. 0 Start your homework early. The more time you allow yourself, the easier it is to get help if you need it. If a concept gives you trouble, first try additional reading or studying beyond what has been assigned. If you still having trouble, ask for help You surely discharge find friends, peers, or teachers who will be glad to help you learn. 0 Working together with friends can be valuable in helping you understand difficult concepts.However, be sure that you learn with your friends and do not become dependent on 0 Dont try to multitask. A gigantic body of research shows that human beings simply are not good at multitasking When we attempt it, we do more poorly at all of the idiosyncratic tasks. And in case you work out you are an exception, the same research found that those people who believed they were best at multitasking were actually the worst So when it is time to stu dy, tour of duty off your electronic devices, find a quiet spot, and give your work a focused effort of concentration. 02013, Jeffrey Bennett (www. effreybennett. com). Permission granted to photocopy as a two-sided handout for college classes. How to Succeed in College Classes, Page 2 Preparing for Exams 0 Rework problems and other assignments try additional questions to be sure you understand the concepts. Study your performance on assignments, quizzes, or exams from earlier in the term. 0 Study your notes from classes, and reread relevant sections in your textbook. Pay attention to what your instructor expects you to know for an exam. 0 Study individually before Joining a study group with friends.Study groups are effective only if every individual comes prepared to contribute. 0 Dont stay up too late before an exam. Dont eat a big meal within an hour of the xam (thinking is more difficult when blood is being diverted to the digestive system). 0 Try to relax before and during the exam. If you have studied effectively, you are capable of doing well. Staying relaxed will help you think clearly. Presenting Homework and Writing Assignments All work that you turn in should be of collegiate quality neat and easy to read, well organized, and demonstrating bidding of the subject matter.Future employers and teachers will expect this quality of work. Moreover, although submitting homework of collegiate quality requires extra effort, it serves two important purposes directly related to learning 1. . The effort you expend in clearly explaining your work solidifies your learning. In particular, research has shown that piece and speaking trigger different areas of your brain. By writing something downeven when you think you already understand ityour learning is reinforced by involving other areas of your brain.By making your work clear and self-contained (that is, making it a document that you can read without referring to the questions in the text), you will have a mu ch more useful study guide when you review for a quiz or exam. The side by side(p) guidelines will help ensure that your assignments meet the standards f collegiate quality 0 Always use proper grammar, proper sentence and paragraph writing should be fully self-contained. A good test is to imagine that a friend is reading your work and to ask yourself whether the friend would understand exactly what you are trying to say.

Netiquette: Meanings, Definitions, and Interpretations

Netiquette has several disparate meanings, definitions, and interpretations between people. It can either put one across the literal definition or it can be someones concept of what they think it means, to me whether the person uses their definition or the literal one Is what makes them encounter the Netiquette factor on their side. As an example to my previous statements everyone has a different spectrum of what they believe Is netiquette or non, and what they use as netiquette. To me you never want to lead off an essay with archetypical off, its too casual and sounds horrible.You want to draw the reader In and get them Involved, Its stuff you learn In reading and writing 101. The most Important netiquette rules are things such as, use spell check and grammar check, dont discourse or type In slang, dont type In each CAPS, being fluent In your words knowing the meaning of what you type, and of course common sense. If you are trying to do a courtly paper of some sort please us e common sense when It comes to everything from punctuation to spelling and not using shortcuts, such as typing in text etc.As far as least cardinal netiquette rules, I dont think you can have a least important one. All in all if you want to have an impact on your audience and draw those in you can use netiquette to effectuate this. As far as golden rules go I believe all the netiquette rules I have mentioned above are good golden rules. People should definitely use netiquette rules when preparing papers for college or for a Job where you need to have an impact on your readers. Netiquette is a good skill to have and is precious anywhere and with anything you do.

Van Hoc Anh

The Nightingale and the rose wine The Nightingale and the Rose Oscar Wilde Note please take time to read the actual history forwards reading this analysis. There can be multiple interpretations for any one text and everyones opinions differ. This analysis is meant as a guide only. Links to text on ZYLite online-literature. com A readable but tragic story at first glance, this particular story has deeper themes which mock people in society for being pretentious.A large part of the story is set in the garden with its animals and plants, and that sets the background for the ending. It is spendful to take punctuate of first impressions when reading a text. In this case the notable first impression is the concept of sacrificing a life for love. The nightingale went through suffering and sacrificed her life for the sake of love the concept of true love. This is an fable to the biblical concept of sacrificial love. The allegory is the first hint, further reading of the story revea ls that the wording apply, parallels that used in the bible.The language is simple and friendly-reading for children, but yet note the nightingales description of the lover and love, that she describes his hair and his lips as similar to beautiful plants like roses, and even says his lips are sweet as honey. For those who know, this is familiar language because it is derived from Song of Solomon in the bible. The statement which represents the theme of the story for Love is wiser than Philosophy, though she is wise, and mightier than Power, though he is mighty. This is another(prenominal) statement that alludes to the language of the bible, this time from the book of Proverbs that philosophy is referred to as she, and power is referred to as he (see at a lower place for more detailed references). What does Oscar Wilde want to convey from these hints in form of the story? Take a contiguous look at the statement the nightingale claims love to be favoured over philosophy and pow er, but at the end Wilde uses symbolism to contradict this very statement.The rose represents love, but it was tragically thrown on the driveway to be rolled over by cart wheels. Sadly it is people in society who hold dear philosophy and power more than they value love. (the learner went back to valuing philosophy over love aft(prenominal) his attempt failed, and the professors daughter valued power in the shape of the Chamberlains nephew) The ending of the story becomes a raillery of how society behaved at that time that society claims to follow biblical doctrine, but only so on the surface.People in society were hypocritical enough to claim to follow Christian doctrine, but run away the meaning of true love. When practical considerations come in, a lot of people are self-interested and merely use speech to give the appearance that they possess good virtues. One last interesting note.. it is ironic that the student thinks that art has no sincerity and is selfish but sadly that was how art was perceived in squared-toe times. The field of knowledge was seen as a more worthwhile personal pursuit and it was in societys self-interest to study that to gain renown.

Sunwind Ab Case

2) Draw the nonrepresentational flow diagram for Sunwind and two Volvo plant lifes. (Draw at abstract level not detailed level). Provides detail of distances and exact ( metre based on 1987 forecast) flow. Ans) Demand of Sunwind is 1250/ work workweek = 1250*45 = 56250 units The compriseing t fitted gives us the consume of each plant yearly for the year 1985 Plant Torslando Kalmar Ghent Total Year 1985 17050 4525 12090 33665 % 50. 65% 13. 44% 35. 1% 100% Year 1987 32919. 947 8736. 819 23343. 23 65000 Depending on the percentage of sh atomic number 18 of each plant of the total in 1985, the same percentage is used to calculate the submit of each plant in 1987, as we ack forthwithledge the total work of Volvo from both the plants put together in 1987. 3) What atomic number 18 the challenges facing Sunwind? Do they invite a revision in strategy by Sunwind? Why? Ans The challenges faced by SUNWIND be as follows The main(preno arcminuteal) riddle is to understand th e increase in the demand from Volvo which is around 650 per week in 1985 to 1200 per week in 1986 * There is also a problem of accumulateing the fibre of the finished products supplied by them, some of the machines like gluing machine had proved destinyicularly troublesome and has increased rejects. * Some other bothering issues would be the off-spec plywood blanks received from Finnish supplier. * The rejection of the crapperes by Volvo as they havent met the prime(prenominal) constraints imposed by them. The demand for the finished goods is around 1400 units/week while the ideal subject matter of plant excluding wa stops is save 1250 units/week this mismatch is of a greatest concern for the Sunwind in the present scenario. * The trend of the major shapers like Toyota who be working on Less suppliers model to increase the efficiency is of a big threat as Volvo business leader even persuade it. * The scheme of JIT which is being implemented recently by the Volvo group, th e Belgian manufacturer is exhausting out to be major competitor to Sunwood on this perspective. The stool size of it if we see for various trading operations varies from 2500 to 500, such a huge amount of fate size might lead to having no control over the quality issues i. e. in case of any damage d nonp areil its hard to stick out and the who batch has to be set off which is of a huge loss for the plant. * This large batch size might also increases the MLT hence leads to a lot of gunstock which has a lot of uncomely effects. For the other character reference of the question whether they indigence to change the strategy of the Sunwind or not, yes they have to change so to so as to protect themselves from Volvo by flirting their demand needs.At the same period the technological aspects of Sunwind are at a ground level, they need to compete with the competitors and have to go for new machinery. Right instantaneously they are not following the JIT method while Volvo has gone for it, In that case to meet the Volvo demands it might have to put a huge pile of raw materials instead if it makes itself a JIT system it could just itself from one of the competitors. Their batch size as mentioned before is also very(prenominal) large, hence they need to change this strategy too. There is a quality issue also being faced hence they a need a new strategy which brush aside address all these issues in a very efficient musical mode. ) What are the benefits to implement JIT for Sunwind? How Volvo go forth get benefited if Sunwind goes for JIT product and rake? Ans) The benefits to implement JIT for Sunwind are 1. The main advantage would be saving on inventory i. e. in that respect is no need to spend a lot of money in storing the inventory for huge number of solar days until it is used instead JIT foreshortens share of inventory only when needed hence on that point is no idle inventory. 2. The JIT system impart final payment care of the batch size this bequeath sustain increasing the frequency and also easy conveying and on age as the batch size is small 3.In case of any defects the wastage would be in a small scale 4. The quality issue drop be addressed, if we have the batch size to be small there is an every chance to make strict quality checks and reject the rest. 5. This helps in cutting the waste by cutting the excess capacity or inventory and removing the non value-added activities. 6. This will beat a close relationship with their suppliers, in a way they will get suppliers as a partner in the venture. 7. This will also encourage the suppliers to get themselves placed in and around the Sunwood plant so as to deliver the raw materials on clip. 8.This system gets an in-plant representative who will be onsite in Sunwind on behalf of the suppliers whose main purpose is to plan and schedule the replenishment of the materials from the supplier hence even the vaticination is also taken care by him. 9. He also helps i n throwing ideas to help minify cost and meliorate manufacturing processes and managing production schedules for suppliers, materials contractors and other subcontractors. 10. It also provides the best organizational structure needed to mitigate the supplier coordination by integrating the logistics, production and purchasing processes together.The advantages of the Volvo if Sunwind go for JIT is same as the ones enjoyed by Sunwind on behalf of their supplies * This will develop a close relationship with Sunwind. * This system gets an in-plant representative who will be onsite in Volvo on behalf of the Sunwind whose main purpose is to plan and schedule the replenishment of the materials from the supplier hence even the fortune telling is also taken care by him. * He also helps in calculating ideas to help trim back cost and improve manufacturing processes and managing production schedules for suppliers, materials contractors and other subcontractors. It also provides the best organizational structure needed to improve the supplier coordination by integrating the logistics, production and purchasing processes together. 6) How many varieties of products does the Sunwind manufacture for Volvo? How does this information help to design production and preservation? Ans) Sunwind was the only supplier for the floorlid for the 5-door 700 serial station wagon. These were offered in several carpet/ colouring combinations. The lid comprised of 4 separate items front jury, rear panel, left panel and the practiced panel.The carpeting could be any of four varied colour choices beige, blue, black and burgundy. The carpeting could be all needle felt or tufted. olibanum 32 part numbers were needed to specify a particular part/ colour/ carpet combination 4 parts x 4 colours x 2 carpets = 32 This data of the variety of products being manufacture will give us an advantage of designing the production through JIT. One of the process considerations in lean systems Uniform workstation loads comes into the picture. This in turn would decrease the big a great deal there by decreasing the average inventory level.We gouge follow the production model of heijunka which is the levelling of production load by both volume and product mix. Using this what we faeces do is to form batches in a way so that each batch gives us 32 varieties of different materials instead of having the same variety in a batch. This would help workers to get acquaintance of all the products and also though there is any wastage in a batch the other batch can cover up for it, if a batch has all the products of same kind it would be a problem if there is any defect or quality issues.Thus this data of the variety of products gives us the division of batches in an efficient way which centralizes the extra non value added costs. 8) Provides details of some critical characteristics of one of the Volvo operations (Customer user interface point) between Volvo and Sunwind. How doe s may this information be helpful to get advance intimation to prepare the succeeding(prenominal) JIT delivery? Ans) Sunwinds interface with Volvo parts at the secernate placement. Every 4 weeks Volvo send an order form indication the fate over a 60 week planning horizon.This was broken into septette 4 week periods and one 32 week period. The next interface was at the loading stage of the shipping process. Volvo mandated that it suppliers use Volvos wholly owned transport company, use standard containers and ship one part per container. Sunwind ordered transportation and empty containers as required. Post shipping, the next interface would be at the inspection upon receipt of parts by Volvo. If the randomly chosen container did not pass the stringent quality control criteria, the entire shipment would be jilted and the supplier would be called.Sunwind could then either deputise the entire shipment ot come to Torslanda to check the rejected shipments and replace the defective parts. Rejected parts were either scrapped or sent back to the supplier at the suppliers expense. The fault would be formally notified and the next shipment would be subjected to 100% inspection. The interface points are at various stages in the part procurement process. Continuous communication between supplier and vendor encapables updation of records on both ends and real time flow of information.The 4 week periodical order placement can help Sunwind plan its production such that they complete production just in time for shipment and the shipment occurs just in time for assembly at Volvo. Shipping is done through Volvos own transport system. companionship of the production schedules of Volvo in advance will enable Sunwind to request transport and containers in advance so that they arrive just in time for loading. This makes for efficient operations as the production can then be planned to meet the shipment schedule.Inspection procedure is well defined and knowledge of this can h elp Sunwind optimize its production to avoidrejection upon shipment. Rejection of shipments can be costly and they run the risk of not being able to meet the just in time production schedule. 9) How KANBAN, facilitator of JIT inventory Design be used for Sunwind operations? Show few sample calculations. Ans) In order to avoid the stock outs or overproduction Kanban can be used as a facilitator of JIT system. According to Kanban system, there is a card which contains the destiny or the supply of units written on it.Once if the card reaches the supplier depending on the requirements the desired date the supplier manufactures or prepare the goods and then they will be put in the same thump with the card in place. The same process is done when the units reach the ordered company it will crosscheck the number of units in the box with the required in the card, once it matches it will then proceed to the operations. The best use of this comes when the manufacturing process has lots of op erations involved in it with different batch sizes and rhythm method time and lead time.For example if we take Sunwind it has 8 operations with different batch sizes hence by using this it can send the Kanban card at will according to the lead time to the respective suppliers and they can receive the desired goods right on time and can verify it also accordingly. The basic formulae to calculate the number of Kanban cards is Kanban quantity = Daily Demand x Lead time (in days) x Safety factor Container quantity here(predicate) the periodic demand can be calculated as we know that the demand per week is 1250 and there are 5 working days per week thus the daily demand is 250 unitsThe lead time here as it is not mentioned clearly anywhere in the case we have taken the clock time the production is planned two weeks before. Using that we can get the lead time as 2 weeks i. e. 14 days (including working and non-working days) Safety factor we are taking a standard 10%(assumption) hence the whole quantity is multiplied by 1. 1 Container quantity is given in the case as 20 units hence Kanban quantity = 250*14*1. 1 = 192. 5 20 Thus using this estimate this will give us a forecast of how many Kanban cards are in place for the JIT beforehand and would make the process efficient enough. 1) Repeat Q10 for Volvos Kalmar and Ghent plants. keep only short discussion and detailed calculation and diagram is not expected as in Q10. Ans) The distance plays a major role when it comes to Kalmar and Ghent plants as for us to make a JIT delivery of 4 quantify a day, the transportation including all logistics plays the deciding factor. Similarly if we look into this case the distances are shown below Save to Kalmar 179. 82 Miles or 289. 39 KM (Source http//www. mapcrow. info) Save to Ghent 1284 KM (source Google Maps)For both the plants if we see there is no feasibility to do the JIT supply 4 generation a day as the distance is so large that the transportation becomes a pro blem and even though if song are taken and the things are meeting the deadline, the efficiency decreases as this will in no way an add on for the current existing process in boundarys of the ROI ( Return on investiture ). Q 5 ) Draw the process flow diagram of Sunwind operations. Perform capacity analysis Sunwinds operations. Is the capacity at plant sufficient to meet the requirement (Demand and any other) of all VOLVO plants?How would you interpret the capacity calculations? (Consider a batch size and process time information in Exhibit 8). What is the Manufacturing Lead time? Do you think it is right or a long MLT in line with JIT requirement? If it is short or long, what is cause of such short/Long MLT? Ans. Operation 2- Painting Cycle time 1. 15 min Operation 3&4-batterns, riveting inserting studs Cycle time 6. 85 min mins Operation 1-Shaping plywood panel Cycle time-2. 8 min Raw material (plywood) Operation 7- Attaching metal and carpet fixturesCycle term 2. 2 min Operatio n 6-Gluing Carpet Cycle Time 4. 25 min Operation 5-Mounting hinges Cycle Time 0. 95 min Operation 8-Assembly of left and right units Operation 3 is the bottleneck with maximum motorbike time of 6. 85 mins. So it becomes the cycle time for the entire process. The working time for a military force/week = 40. 7 hours. So, effective working hours/day= 8. 14 hours. Therefore, total no. of units make growd/ day=8. 14*60/6. 85= 71 units. ( considering 100 % capacity utilisation) So at 100 % utilization,output/week= 71*5= 355 units/ weekMonthly production= 1420 units. Starting from January 1985 Volvos maximum demand per month till July was 1115 units. So Sunwind was able to meet the demand . In August 1985 when demand of Volvos three plants surmounted to 4000 units / month Sunwind was unavailing to supply the required quantity. In 1986 when the forecasted demand of Volve stands 1387 units/ week present capacity of Sunwind ( 355 units/ week) is not sufficient to meet the demand . Direct labor content ( parts fabrication + operations 1-9 ) =18. 8+25. 2+5. 15= 49. 15 mins/ shirt (excluding set up time)If we consider batch sizes of 500 (operation 6 has the minimum batch size of 500) the changed cycle time for each operation are as follows Operation 4 with zip set up time still remains the bottle neck time and hence the cycle time. So the batch size does not influence the process cycle time. To meet the average forecasted demand of 1400 units/week in 1986 the cycle time of the entire process should be 1. 4 min presumptuous the plant operates at 80 % efficiency level. Since different operations have different WIPs( according to batches as shown below)Manufacturing lead time is given by MLT= WIP * Cycle time At current plant capacity, considering lids are produced in batches of 500 MLT= (2500+1500+1000+1500+500+500)* 6. 85 = 51375 mins =856. 25 hrs= 21 weeks (considering working hours of 40. 7 /week as bottleneck operation is run in 1 shift only) The lead time is very h igh and the primary cause for this is large lot size used for production. A high MLT cannot go hand in hand with JIT production. The JIT philosophy is timely delivery of customer order . To meet the delivery deadline for a JIT e need to start the production as soon as the order is book. For this we need to maintain a minimum Manufacturing Lead Time as products are produced in batches. Q 7) Should Lars Olav were to design a JIT programme at Sunwind, what should be its elements? Give details about the current status and future requirement of few essential ingredients of JIT/Lean elements requiring improvement/change in Sunwind. Please suggest/show your alter/changed version of the Sunwind operations process to meet the requirement (Demand and any other) to all Volvo plants.Hint You may like to meet the new demand (1987 forecast) by reconciliation the capacity of Sunwind operations. Ans. The elements of a JIT programme would be as follows 1) pretend to order strategy and not make to stock. This will centralize over production which not only creates excessive lead times and inventory but also makes it difficult to detect defects. 2) Reduction of inventory level so as to identify quality issues more promptly and effectively thereby correcting at source instead of creating rejections at end. ) Setting a plant layout such that the distance between attached workstation is minimum. This will reduce material handling cost and time. Excessive movement of products can at times cause damage and deterioration of product quality. 4) Manufacturing lead time to be minimum so as to reduce waiting time for starting production when an order is booked. 5) Close ties with supplier making trustworthy they are located in close geographic proximity in order to promote unwavering partnerships and better synchronise product flows.Current status and requirements for adopting JIT in Sunwind 1) towering raw material and WIP inventory level. High batch sizes dont allow problems to s urface immediately. This hinders quality check at source. Few of the quality control procedures were followed in practice. Processes were not monitored formally. Defects were inspected by customers after delivery instead of identification in-house. Defective materials were rejected by eliminating the problem but no summary statements were available in Sunwind concerning the rejects.Sun Wind needs to reduce its inventory level and present MLT so as to identify defects at source thereby simplification cost as rejection rate comes down. 2) Presently in Sun wind due to extended delivery lead time of some items (eg. Carpeting) the purchasing department uses a 3-6 months planning horizon. On the contrary the production planning department focuses on first four weeks of delivery schedule which unnecessarily increases the inventory level. As a result raw material inventory unnecessarily goes up.Sun Wind should ask it supplier to reduce this lead time as it is planning to go for JIT. The ben efits of a successful JIT can only be realized if your inventory levels are low. Considering suppliers as partners in venture can build long term profitable relationship wherein there is a win-win situation for everyone. 3) Sun Wind is presently operating in moderate batches which is giving a very high Manufacturing lead time which is not acceptable for a JIT . To meet the increased demand for Volvo Sunwind needs to improve its cycle time as well as reduce its MLT by reducing batch size.Only operation 6 has a significant set up time which has to be reduced for going to JIT by enacting machine controls or preparing for changeovers while a billet currently in production is still being processed. 4) In Sunwind the workstation load at different operations is not uniform. The cycle time at different processes vary considerably. As a result there is inventory pile up at workstations with high cycle time. Capacity planning and line rapprochement are to be used to meet the changed requirem ent of Volvo plant in 1987. In 1987, Volvo needs 65000 units of 700 series 5-door station wagons.To meet this demand Sunwind needs to produce =65000/52= 1250 units/week. At current capacity Sunwind can only produce 350 units/week. To meet the demand Sunwind needs to produce=1250/5=250 units/day. We propose change in number of workers and number of shifts to meet the required demand(considering Save plant of Sunwind alone will be producing for all Volvo plants) as shown below. Present Situation Proposed Capacity Planning and line balancing to meet new requirement In this changed line balancing the bottleneck operation is Operation 6 with a cycle time of 2. 83 mins.Since operation 6 has got maximum set up time and Sunwind is producing 32 combinations of part/ glossiness/carpet, we assume Japanese concept of heijunka for a JIT, a batch of 32 each wherein all the varieties will be there per batch. Assuming a reduced set up time of 15 mins /batch for JIT achieved by machine control , we get a cycle time of 2. 83+0. 47= 3. 3 mins. Since this operation is run for two shifts the daily production will be = 2*8*60/3. 3= 290 units/day. Operation 7 which has a lower cycle time becomes the bottle neck as the process is run for 1 shift only. No of units produced /day = 8*60/1. 3=262 units. Hence we can say the actual bottleneck is operation 7 with a cycle time of 1. 83 mins which run for superstar shift. Hence this becomes the cycle time for the entire batch process. To meet this requirement 3 additional workers at Sun winds Save factory are needed as per changed capacity planning. In this scenario of JIT an operational efficiency of above 95 % will be needed to meet the demand requirement of 250 units/day or 1250 units/week (assuming 5 days week) If each batch of JIT is 32 units, in that case per day no of batches produced will be =250/32=7. Hence a JIT will shorten the Manufacturing lead time thereby reducing the inventory level and lumpy requirements on different workst ations. This will help identify defects immediately and strengthen quality control measures and help achieve higher(prenominal) efficiency. MLT for JIT= WIP* Cycle time = 32*6*1. 83=351. 4 mins=5. 86 hours. Q 10 Assuming that Sunwind is now ready for JIT delivery (hope so, based on your Q1 to 9 analysis and suggested improvement), how to synchronize the delivery of product 4 times a day to Volvos Torslanda Plant? For this you may require the one day demand of Torsdland plant) Ans. The actual demand of 5 door model 700 for Volvos Torslanda Plant is 1985 is 17050. The total demand for Volvo isn 1985 is 33665. So Torslanda plant produced around 51 % of total Volvos production. Considering the same percentage production of total Volvos requirement, by using the overall forecasted demand of Volvo plant in 1986, Torslanda plant will require to produce =51% of 62400= 31824 units annually.Hence per week demand is calculated to be=31824/52= 612 units. Since Sunwind runs 5 days a week, daily production requirement will be=612/5= 122 units. Considering new Capacity planning and line balancing for Sunwind as in Q7, our cycle time is 1. 83 mins ( bottleneck process 7 running for single shift). As the bottleneck operation is for single shift, in order to synchronise the delivery of products 4 times a day to Volvos Torslanda plant we need to have an MLT which will be atleast= 8*60/4= 120 mins.Considering the previously arrived cycle time of 1. 83 mins in Q7 There will be WIP of equal size at 6 different work stations (Operation 1 to 7) where processing will be done in batches. Hence maximum batch size that can be allowed so as to make a just in time delivery of new order booked 4 times a day =120/(6*1. 83)=11 Lot sizes of 11 units if produced in JIT system can enable us to deliver products 4 times a day, if the product criteria and combination is cognize beforehand.

Gillette Case Essay

President, sunrise(prenominal) business development, Gillette Safety shave Division (SRD) Problem Ralph needs to achieve company targets for earnings growth for his member by growth a new business harvest. Ralph has commissioned an ex hug drugsive investigation into the snowy cassette register market place and he views this market as poised for substantial growth and opportunity over the long-term range of ten to fifteen years.Ralph feels that his division is well positioned to project the market through utilization of its many core strengths. foodstuff Overview The current blank enter market segment has many weaknesses, such as, deprivation of widespread distribution, lack of media coverage, poor product display and packaging, and lack of a true market leader. These weaknesses in the blank cassette tape market are all areas where Gillette has developed strong core competencies in their Safety Razor Division.The blank cassette tape market is segmented into three distinct product markets Professional timberland, Standard pure tone, and Budget Quality and within those segments there are recording lengths of 30, 60, 90 and 120 minute cassette tapes. Binghams consultants have concentrate on the 60-minute cassette tape market in particular. Gillette Safety Razor Division Decisions Gillette has four product options 1. ) do not enter market. 2. ) enter professional tape market 3. ) enter standard tape market. 4. ) enter the budget tape market.The professional quality market offers the greatest margin on products, but it is in any case the smallest segment in the market. The professional segment will also have the most competition as more established tape reservers enter the market. As such, the fierce competition may potentially alter the market and decrease the margins on these tapes and make it less appealing in the long run. Alternatively, standard tape market has moderate margins, but is a highly growing segment and is ready for a market leader, such as a company like Gillette.Lastly, the budget market has the lowest value margins, the highest account book sales, but also requires a high volume of sales in order to be useful delinquent to the significant fixed costs associated with manufacturing. Gillettes manufacturing constraints make it difficult for Gillette to enter the budget product market and Gillette would not want to damage its brand stir by affiliating with a lower complete product such as the budget quality tapes. (See appendix for quantitative analysis) Recommendations & ConclusionsThe Gillette Safety Razor division should enter the Standard Quality 60-minute cassette tape market and target the teenager and student market as it is a growing segment and offers much potential. Gillette should distribute the tapes using their established channels and wholesalers. Gillette should promote this new line through an aggressive advertising program as a high standard quality tape free from the defects of budget cas sette tapes and with greater quality than the average standard tape. Gillette should leverage its brand name to promote the quality and value of these tapes.Gillettes pricing for the standard quality tapes should be priced at the fix retail price with the design that consumers will choose Gillettes product and pay more than the discounted brands due to Gillettes high quality and brand name. In this scenario, Gillettes monthly break-even quantity would be 518,758 units and it would make a monthly profit of $92,867 if it conservatively sells 750,000 units/mo. in year one. Annualized, the companys net profit would be $1,114,400 at 9,000,000 units sold.

Typography and Professional Nursing

N3645 Transition to headmaster treat part A hebdomad 2 date Instructions Personal Philosophy of treat Submit by 0800 Monday of Week 3. NOTE You will create a new explicate document for this Assignment rather of typing directly into this document. Overview Personal Philosophy of Nursing In this weeks Assignment, you will delineate a formal musical composition expressing your personal school of thought of breast feeding. In this typography, you will provide a model for your personal practice of nursing and reflect on why you chose nursing as a profession.Your paper will define how you interact with patients, family members, other nurses, and other wellness care passkeys. Since this is your first formal paper for the program, be sure to use the resources listed below to ensure you are using the proper dressting, scholarly language, and scrimping and submitting procedures as you write and submit your assignment. Resources ANA Code of Ethics, 2001* APA Module* http//isites. harvard. edu/icb/icb. do? keyword=apa_exposed (This is also printable. Follow instructions in the tutorial. Scholarly Writing Tips* (*Available in the Resource section of this week) MS Word Help and How-To Word 2007 http//office. microsoft. com/enus/word/FX100649251033. aspx? CTT=96&Origin=CL100636481033 Word 2003 http//office. microsoft. com/enus/word/FX100649261033. aspx? CTT=96&Origin=CL100636481033 Review your course readings, lecture, and your Week 2 Resources before completing this weeks Assignment. Performance Objectives Compose a personal philosophy of nursing. Correlate historical, ethical, and/or political factors influencing professional nursing practice with what you recollect the core of nursing is and should be. have got professional practice standards. Use correct grammar, punctuation, and American Psychological Association (APA) format in makeup professional papers. 2008 genus Uta schoolhouse of Nursing foliate 1 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursi ng Part A Rubric Use this rubric to guide your work on the Week 2 Assignment, Personal Philosophy of Nursing. Tasks Accomplished Proficient Needs Improvement ? Personal Philosophy of Nursing melodic theme Format (Total 40 points) designation varlet No mistakes in APA format (5 points) Headings and References Uses APA format for headings and to cite 2 references. 25 points) Writing Conventions Professional grammar, spelling, and punctuation paragraphs of at least 3, well-written sentences (10 points) Title summon Errors in APA format (4 points) Headings and References Cites 1 reference and includes headings in APA format. (20 points) Writing Conventions No more than 8 grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors in the accurate paper. (8 points) No Title Page (0 points) Headings and References Does not cite references and/or include headings. (0 points) Writing Conventions More than 8 grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors in the entire paper (5 points) 2008 UTA School of Nursin gPage 2 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A Tasks ? Accomplished intromission Writes a comprehensive overview of the paper in 1-2 paragraphs. (5 points) natural selection of Nursing Clearly answers enquire in 2-3 paragraphs. (10 points) Essence of Nursing Clearly answers question in 2-3 paragraphs with correlations to historical, ethical, and political factors. (10 points) Beliefs and Values Answers for each one of the 4 questions in separate paragraphs. (15 points) Vision for the hereafter Answers question for all 3 time periods listed in separate paragraphs. (10 points) Summary Answers two questions in separate paragraphs. 10 points) Proficient Introduction Writes an overview of the paper in 1-2 paragraphs. (4 points) Choice of Nursing Answers question in 1 paragraph. (8 points) Essence of Nursing Answers question in 2-3 paragraphs without correlation to historical, ethical, and political factors (8 points) Beliefs and Values Answers 3 of the 4 questions in separate paragraphs. (12 points) Vision for the Future Answers question for 2 of the 3 time periods listed in separate paragraphs (8 points) Summary Answers 1 question in a separate paragraph. (8 points) Needs Improvement No Introduction (0 points) Content (Total 60 points)Choice of Nursing Does not answer question. (0 points) Essence of Nursing Does not clearly answer question. (5 points) Beliefs and Values Answers 1 or 2 of the 4 questions in separate paragraphs. (5 points) Vision for the Future Answers question for 1 of the 3 time periods listed in separate paragraphs. (3 points) Summary Does not directly address either question. (4 points) 2008 UTA School of Nursing Page 3 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A Personal Philosophy of Nursing Paper Use the pastime outline to guide composition of your personal philosophy of nursing. Follow both the satiate and format criteria in completing your composition. Open a new Word document, and save it to your backgroun d knowledge with the filename, yourname_Personal_Philosophy, inserting your name in place of yourname. Begin your paper by setting the margins, font, and Header. (See MS Word Help. ) pawl Save often to keep from accidentally losing your work. Content Criteria segmentation or Section Title whole paper Description 1 margins all around Font Times New Roman, 12 pt Double-spaced Header with short title and page How-To and Tips call for File Page Setup Select Format Font Select Format Paragraph Select View Header and number, right- estimableified Footer (Refer to the MS Word Help and How To links if you need help with any of these tasks. ) The short title should be in upperand lower-case, or Title Case. Professional grammar, spelling, and punctuation, and paragraphs composed of at least 3 well-written sentences each Title Page Just below Header, include a running See Scholarly Writing Tips head as shown below, left-justified (Replace CAPITALIZED ABBREVIATED name wi th an abbreviated version of your papers title. See guidelines in section 5. 15 of the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 5th edition Running head CAPITALIZED ABBREVIATED TITLE Title in upper half of page, touch on, The running head appears only on the title page, and includes the manner of speaking Running head. You can access the UTA directions and an example title page by looking in the Resources tab on the left menu of the course in Weeks 1-6. upper- & lower-cased letters (Title Case) o Title is content of unique paper, not assignment title add your name or a unique mannequin to the title so not everyones is Philosophy of Nursing. Student name, with University of 2008 UTA School of Nursing Texas Page 4 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A at Arlington underneath The following information centered, 1 from the bottom (Fill in course, faculty details. ) Your finished Title Page should resemble this picnic In partial fulfillment of the requirements of Course name and number Faculty name, credentials Submission conflict Online RN-BSN (Introduction) Overview of the paper (1-2 paragraphs) Put title of paper at the top, centered, in Title Case. No section title, just split paragraphs (Remember to indent each paragraph )Choice of Nursing Why did you choose nursing? (2-3 paragraphs) Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then scar paragraphs. Essence of Nursing What do you cogitate the core of nursing is and should be? Correlate historical, ethical, and/or political factors influencing professional nursing practice. (2-3 paragraphs) Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then originate paragraphs. (Do not start a new page just continue in regular double-spaced body. ) Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. (Do not start a new page just continue in regular double-spaced body. ) Beliefs and ValuesWhat do you believe about patients? ( 1 paragraph) What do you believe about the patients family and significant others? (1 paragraph) What do you believe about your fellow health care providers? (1 paragraph) What do you believe about your own 2008 UTA School of Nursing Page 5 of 6 N3645 Transition to Professional Nursing Part A health? (1 paragraph) Vision for the Future What do you want to be doing in 2 old age? (1 paragraph) 5 years? (1 paragraph) 10 years? (1 paragraph) Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. (Do not start a new page just continue in regular double-spaced body. Summary What strengths do you have that will support your achievement of your professional goals? (1 paragraph) What limitations will you need to overcome to achieve your professional goals? (1 paragraph) References Title of this page is Insert Section title, centered and Title Case. Then start paragraphs. (Do not start a new page just continue in regular double-spaced body. ) References should be centered at the top of the page just below th e header. Be sure to left-justify the first line of each citation, but indent subsequent lines 5 spaces. References centered on top of page At least 2 professional references. Put references in alphabetical order by authors name. Submitting Your Assignment Click Open at the bottom of the Assignment screen, then click Browse and navigate to the background knowledge where your paper is located. Select the final version of your paper to upload. (Look for the file yourname_Personal_Philosophy. ) When youve selected your paper, click Open in the need document to submit dialogue box to attach the file. The path and filename should then show up in the Attachment space. Click Close, then click Submit at the bottom of the Assignment screen. 2008 UTA School of Nursing Page 6 of 6