Thursday, May 23, 2019

Media War Coverage

Media warfare Coverage From the beginning of condemnation when humans started fighting wars regardless of the reasoning leaders discovered how important propaganda and the publics opinion of why they were fighting the war. If the nations leaders believes in why they are fighting a war the Country pass onbe more seeming to give their prolong and motivated to stay in the fight for the long haul. Edward R. Murrow, former writinger for CBS once said, We must not conf phthisis dissent with disloyalty.We will not be driven by fear into an age of unreason if we remember that we are not descended from fearful men, not from men who feared to write, to speak, to associate and to patronage causes which were, for the moment unpopular. A delicate balance exists between the military and the media censorship and evolution of wartime media from WWII through and through modern day WAR in Iraq. domain of a function War II coverage came mostly through newspapers and radio coverage.During thi s time journalist had a good relationship with the military, both were working toward a common aim that would bring an end to Adolf Hitlers war machine, which was determined to take over the world With tabu being heavily censored by military leader reporters were sufficient to provide much more coverage of the war. Reporters during this time were at a much larger disadvantage compared to reporters of today because of their technological disadvantage.What would take journalist during World War II hours if not days to report battles or events through radio, print, or even telegraph was plenty of time for the military to screen the story. alone it also provided a buffer of time to prevent any issues of violation what is known as operational security. In other words by the time the story reached its viewers in the United States a potential battle plan had already been executed. The soldiers involved wouldnt be in any endangerment of valuable development reaching the enemy.Not to me ntion if a battle went particularly wrong there was time to adjust or screen a story in order to portray it in a different light that may be more favorable. Vietnam armed with newer technology allowing the average American family to have a television in every living room created a way to usher in graphic images of the war. No longer could we use the view the war over there as a separate entity being left over there and nor were reporters on the battle field as highly censored they were able to relay events on the battlefield and the reality in pictures of what combat was truly like.Because we now possessed the technology so Americans at home could see war first hand. Young Americans formed their own opinions of the war causing protest swaying public opinion and subsequently support for the war causing a large Anti-war feeling. Ho Chi Minh and the Communist north believed that with the American public losing confidence in the Unites States government. Since the mainstream media were not in support of the war, media line drawing the violence and how the US progress in Vietnam in a negative light that eventually was said to be the motivation leading to the pull out of Vietnam.The concept of winning by proxy meaning to simply wait out the enemy until they lose the will of the people to continue to fight. The theory held by the enemy proved to be correct due to the lack of media support helping to drive the motivation of the people and the length of the war dragging on over several years the United States did eventually pull out of Vietnam. During the disjuncture War the media had progressed and had grown leaps and bounds since Vietnam. The technology currently available allowed reporters to report from hotel rooms within Kuwait during the air campaign in the early hours of Desert Storm. bare-ass companies such as CNN had correspondents bringing up to date information and developments from the beginning of Operation Desert shield to the building up of forces. The destruction of SADAAM Husseins Army as it moved waged its campaign against Kuwait through the liberation of Kuwait. The images we saw of Scud attacks and Victory parades were brought to us twenty-four hours a day seven days a week. The positive view portrayed by the media had a direct affect on the publics view on the war. From the beginning of the War on Terror Allied reporters who were covering stories for both Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom.Allied reporters were imbedded with American troops fighting on the battlefield, these reporters were able to use satellite cards for glide slope to the Internet and laptops were able to report from anywhere on the battle field up to date information on the progress of operations and how the war was tone ending with virtually little to no chance of the military censorship. Reporters ability to use technology to avoid censorship was evident with the opening of the groundwork war in Iraq a reporter named Jeraldo Rivera announced planned movements of American troops on television. Mr.Rivera was being broadcasted internationally creating the potential for the enemy to be breach prepared for the oncoming attacks by the American Forces. Powerful Photo essays and Internet blogs often show the harsh side of war, unlike the harsh side of WWII where media images were more benign. The one constant through history has always been evident and media wither or not being censored is powerful in determining the support in a nation and in many cases the outcome of success or failure in a conflict. A. censoring War Coverage Barhart, Aaron. hie Up War Coverage. Television Week.Apr. 2003. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. U. of capital of Connecticut Lib. 1 may 2005 Hernandez, Debra Gersh. The simple days of war coverage. Editor & Publisher. Jul. 1994. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. U. of Hartford Lib. 1 May 2005. . Newseum War Stories Technology. War Reporting & Technology. 1 May 2005. Rather, Dan. T ruth on the Battlefield. Harvard International Review. Spring 2001. Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. U. of Hartford Lib. 1 May 2005. . Rosenberg, Jim. Tech from Gulf War to Gulf War. Editor & Publisher. March 2003. Academic Search Premier.EBSCOhost. U. of Hartford Lib. 1 May 2005. . Shafer, Jack. Embeds and Unilaterals. 1 May 2003. 1 May 2005. B. WWI Coverage BibliographyChase, Stuart. Guides to Straight Thinking. New York Harper and Brothers, 1956. Combs, James and Nimmo, Dan. The New Propaganda The Dictatorship of Palavar in Contemporary Politics. New York Longman Publishing Group, 1993. Doob, Leonard. Propaganda Its Psychology and Technique. New York total heat Holt and Company, 1935. Edwards, Violet. Group Leaders Guide to Propaganda Analysis. New York Columbia University Press, 1938. Ellul, Jacques.Propaganda The Formation of Mens Attitudes. New York Vintage Books, 1965. Hummel, William and Huntress, Keith. The Analysis of Propaganda. New York William Sloane Associates, 1949. Institute for Propaganda Analysis. Propaganda Analysis. New York Columbia University Press, 1938. Institute for Propaganda Analysis. The book Art of Propaganda. New York Harcourt, Brace and Company, 1939. Lee, Alfred McClung. How to Understand Propaganda. New York Rinehart and Company, 1952. Lowenthal, Leo and Guterman, Norbert. Prophets of Deceit. Palo Alto Pacific Books Publishers, 1970.Miller, Clyde. The Process of Persuasion. New York Crown Publishers, 1946. Pratkanis, Anthony and Aronson, Elliot. Age of Propaganda The Everyday Use and maltreat of Persuasion. New York W. H. Freeman and Company, 1991. Rank, Hugh. Language and Public Policy. New York Citation Press, 1974. Thum, Gladys and Thum, Marcella. The Persuaders Propaganda in War and Peace. New York Atheneum, 1972. C. How Media Coverage of the Vietnam War Changed America, Journalism Cossa, Frank. Photojournalism and the War at radix. 19 October 2005. Digital History, The Vietnam War.Online American History Book, Pe riod 1960s. 19 October 2005. Kahrs, Kristian. Lies, Deceit and Hypocrisy. May 1997. 19 October 2005. LaborLawTalk Vietnam War, Encyclopedia. LaborLawTalk. com. 3 December 2005. Lester, Paul Martin. Chapter Four Victims of Violence, Photojournalism An Ethical Approach. New Jersey Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, 1991. Digital Version, 1999. McLaughlin, Erin. Television Coverage of the Vietnam War and the Vietnam Veteran. December 3, 2001. August 2004. The Media and the Vietnam War. 19 October 2005. Reference. com, Encyclopedia Vietnam War.Copyright 2001-2005 Tennant, Michael. Now You See It, Now You Dont. 27 May 2004. Strike the Root. 19 October 2005. Vietnam War. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Digital version. 19 October 2005. Walter Cronkite. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Digital version. 19 October 2005. D. Censorship in the Gulf Clark, Ramsey. The Fire This Time U. S. War Crimes in the Gulf. New York Thunders Mouth Press, 1994. Denton, Robert E. , Jr . , ed. The Media and the Persian Gulf War. Westport, Connecticut Praeger, 1993. Fialka, John J. Hotel Warriors Covering the Gulf War.Washington, DC Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1992. MacArthur, John R. Second Front Censorship and Propaganda in the Gulf War. New York Hill and Wang, a division of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1992. Massing, Michael. Another Front. Chap. in The Media and the Gulf War. ed. Hedrick Smith. Washington, DC Seven Locks Press, 1992. Nohrstedt, Stig A. Ruling by Pooling. Chapter in delight of the Image The Medias War in the Persian Gulfa Global Perspective. Mowlana, Hamid, George Gerbner, and Herbert I. Schiller, eds. Boulder, Colorado Westview Press, 1992 Norris Margot. Only the Guns Have Eyes. Chapter in Seeing Through the Media The Persian Gulf War. Susan Jeffords and Lauren Rabinowitz, eds. New Brunswick, New Jersey Rutgers University Press, 1994. Schanberg, Sydney H. Censoring for Political Security. Chap. in The Media and the Gulf War. ed. Hedrick Smi th. Washington, DC Seven Locks Press, 1992. Trainor, Lt. Gen. Bernard E. , USMC. The Military and the Media A Troubled Embrace. Chap. in The Media and the Gulf War. ed. Hedrick Smith. Washington, DC Seven Locks Press, 1992. Williams, Pete. Ground Rules and Guidelines for Desert Shield. Chap. n The Media and the Gulf War. ed. Hedrick Smith. Washington, DC Seven Locks Press, 1992. Williams, Pete. Statement before the U. S. Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. Chap. in The Media and the Gulf War. ed. Hedrick Smith. Washington, DC Seven Locks Press, 1992. Woodward, Gary C. The Rules of the Game The Military and the Press in the Persian Gulf War. Chap. in The Media and the Persian Gulf War. ed. Robert E. Denton, Jr. Westport, Connecticut Praeger, 1993 E. Military censorship of the war in Iraq Naomi Spence Military censorship of the war in Iraq, 31 July 2008 All of

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